The subject of the invention are new sterically activated chelating ruthenium complexes with the formula 1a, easy to obtain by efficient chemical reactions. The invention also concerns the method of obtaining and using ruthenium complexes with formula 1a as precatalysts and/or catalysts in a wide spectrum of known olefin metathesis reactions.

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A method of preventing photodegradation of dyes and pigments used in textiles and paints by surrounding photosensitive molecules with metal clusters that can absorb the damaging ultraviolet photons before they reach and damage the photosensitive molecules. A photosensitive dye or pigment is incorporated into a metal organic framework, which provides a scaffold to offer protection from ultraviolet degradation either by preferentially absorbing the ultraviolet light or by reflecting it before it reaches the dye. Isolating the dyes inside of the metal organic framework also sharpens the spectral features of the dye molecules.

The present application discloses novel amino-sulfide metal catalysts for organic chemical syntheses including hydrogenation (reduction) of unsaturated compounds or dehydrogenation of substrates. The range of hydrogenation substrate compounds includes esters, lactones, oils and fats, resulting in alcohols, diols, and triols as reaction products. The catalysts of current application can be used to catalyze a hydrogenation reaction under solvent free conditions. The present catalysts also allow the hydrogenation to proceed without added base, and it can be used in place of the conventional reduction methods employing hydrides of the main-group elements. Furthermore, the catalysts of the present application can catalyze a dehydrogenation reaction under homogenous and/or acceptorless conditions. As such, the catalysts provided herein can be useful in substantially reducing cost and improving the environmental profile of manufacturing processes for a variety of chemicals.

The subject matter of the invention is a stereoretentive ruthenium complex of the general formula 1a-Ru and/or 1b-Ru, in which all variables have the meanings defined in the description. The subject matter of the invention is also a method of preparing the ruthenium complex, an intermediate used in preparing the ruthenium complex, and the use of this ruthenium complex as a (pre) catalyst in olefin metathesis reactions such as ring-closing metathesis (RCM), homometathesis (self-CM), cross-metathesis (CM), and stereoretentive processes in olefin metathesis.

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The present invention is directed, at least in part, to a process for improving the efficiency of a photocatalyst (a semiconductor photocatalyst) by tethering (depositing) a metal (e.g., metal ions of a late transition metal, such as nickel) to the semiconductor (photocatalyst) surface through the use of an organic ligand. More specifically, 1,2-ethanedithiol (EDT) functions as an excellent molecular linker (organic ligand) to attach a transition metal complex (e.g., nickel (Ni.sup.2+ ions)) to the semiconductor surface, which can be in the form of a cadmium sulfide surface. The photocatalyst has particular utility in generating hydrogen from H.sub.2S.

Disclosed are perfluorinated SABRE catalysts comprising a d-block element and a perfluorinated ligand, wherein the perfluorinated ligand is of Formula (I): [L.sub.m-(NHC)(YZ).sub.q] or a salt thereof. Also disclosed is a method of preparing a hyperpolarized substrate comprising a spin nucleus or nuclei using the perfluorinated SABRE catalysts, and isolating the resulting hyperpolarized substrate for administration to an animal. Further disclosed is a method of imaging a tissue of an animal suspected of having a disease or condition.

A system for building-specific multi-peril risk assessment and mitigation is disclosed. The system comprises a multi-peril hazard module, a processor, a database and a graphical network module. The multi-peril hazard module is configured to obtain hazard information and create a multi-peril event catalogue configured to generate intensity measures for multiple perils. The processor is configured to derive a peril vulnerability function and determine building-specific risk assessment results based on the hazard information and the peril vulnerability function. The database is configured to store the derived plurality of peril vulnerability functions. The graphical network module is configured to create probabilistic networks, wherein the probabilistic networks are connected to the determined building-specific risk assessment results of the peril vulnerability functions that have strong interdependencies and determine a multi-peril risk associated with the building.

The present disclosure relates to methods for manufacturing embedded slurry-phase hydrocracking catalyst particles having catalytic material embedded in a plastic carrier. Catalytic material effective for slurry-phase hydrocracking, and molten plastic materials, are mixed, and the embedded slurry-phase hydrocracking catalyst particles are formed from the mixture.

Disclosed herein are a catalyst for polyester depolymerization or cyclic ester synthesis, a preparation method therefor and a use thereof. The catalyst is a long-chain catalyst having a main chain carbon atom number greater than or equal to 8, and containing a terminal ion group and a terminal hydroxyl structure; the catalyst may be used to catalyze polyester hydrolysis, alcoholysis or cyclic depolymerization, so as to recover corresponding monomers or monomers and oligomers, or used to catalyze hydroxy acid or hydroxy acid esters to synthesize cyclic ester monomers or cyclic ester monomers and cyclic oligomers by means of polycondensation and cyclization reactions. The catalyst may reduce the viscosity of a reaction system, and may greatly improve the utilization rate of a catalytic active center, reduce the consumption of the catalyst and improve overall catalytic efficiency, achieving high-efficiency, high-yield and selective depolymerization of polyester homopolymers, copolymers, blends or compounds.

A method for producing a carbamic acid salt, including contacting a carbon dioxide-containing mixed gas having a partial pressure of carbon dioxide of 0.001 atm or more and less than 1 atm with an amino group-containing organic compound in the presence of a base in at least one organic solvent selected from the group consisting of an organic solvent having 2 or more and 8 or less carbon atoms, and a method for producing a carbamic acid ester or a urea derivative using the carbamic acid salt.