The present invention relates to a novel metallocene compound, a catalyst composition including the same, and a method of preparing an olefinic polymer by using the same. The metallocene compound according to the present invention and the catalyst composition comprising the same can be used for producing olefinic polymers, have outstanding polymerizing ability, and can produce olefinic polymers of ultra high molecular weight. In particular, when the metallocene compound according to the present invention is employed, an olefinic polymer of ultra high molecular weight can be obtained because it shows high polymerization activity even when it is supported on a carrier and maintains high activity even in the presence of hydrogen because of its low hydrogen reactivity.

Processes for producing an α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid, such as acrylic acid, or a salt thereof, using treated solid oxides are disclosed. The treated solid oxides can be calcined solid oxides, metal-treated solid oxides, or metal-treated chemically-modified solid oxides, illustrative examples of which can include sodium-treated alumina, calcium-treated alumina, zinc-treated alumina, sodium-treated sulfated alumina, sodium-treated fluorided silica-coated alumina, and similar materials.

The present invention relates to a method for producing a Tebbe complex having high purity and high activity and having excellent storage stability in a high yield, the method including allowing bis(cyclopentadienyl)titanium dichloride and trimethylaluminum to react with each other in the presence of a solvent such that a solubility of the Tebbe complex in 1 g of the solvent at 25° C. is 0.5 mmol/g or less.

A catalyst system includes a complex having formula I which advantageously has a sterically protecting N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) carbene-pyridine ligand to handle harsh reactions conditions than many prior art catalysts:

##STR00001##

wherein M is a transition metal; o is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; R.sub.1 is a C.sub.1-6 alkyl, a C.sub.6-18 aryl, or an optionally substituted C.sub.5-18 heteroaryl. In a refinement, R.sub.1 is methyl, ethyl, butyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, or t-butyl; R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.3′ are independently an optionally substituted C.sub.1-6 alkyl, halo (e.g., Cl, F, Br, etc), NO.sub.2, an optionally substituted C.sub.6-18 aryl, or an optionally substituted C.sub.5-18 heteroaryl; R.sub.4, R.sub.4′ are independently an optionally substituted C.sub.1-6 alkyl, halo, NO.sub.2, an optionally substituted C.sub.6-18 aryl, or an optionally substituted C.sub.5-18 heteroaryl; and X.sup.− is a negatively charge counter ion and L.sub.1, L.sub.2 are each independently a neutral ligand.

Improved catalytic methods are disclosed. The methods include both hydrogenation and disproportionation catalysis. While the reaction conditions for hydrogenation and disproportionation differ, the catalysts disclosed herein can be used for either process. In certain aspects, the methods utilize a catalyst: CpM(N—N)L.sub.n; wherein Cp is a substituted or unsubstituted cyclopentadienyl ligand; wherein M is selected from the group consisting of Ir and Rh; wherein N—N is a substituted or unsubstituted bidentate ligand selected from the group consisting of a bipyridine ligand and a phenanthroline ligand; wherein n is 0 or 1; and wherein when n is 1 L is selected from the group consisting of an anion and a molecule of a solvent.

Methods of isotopic labeling are described herein. For example, a method of isotopically labeling an organic compound, in some embodiments, comprises providing a reaction mixture including the organic compound, an iron complex or a cobalt complex and a source of deuterium or tritium. The organic compound is labeled with deuterium or tritium in the presence of the iron complex or cobalt complex or derivative of the iron complex or cobalt complex.

The present invention discloses a continuous calcination vessel which can be used to prepare calcined chemically-treated solid oxides from solid oxides and chemically-treated solid oxides. A process for the continuous preparation of calcined chemically-treated solid oxides is also provided. Calcined chemically-treated solid oxides disclosed herein can be used in catalyst compositions for the polymerization of olefins.

A hydrosilylation iron catalyst prepared from a two-electron ligand (L) and a mononuclear, binuclear, or trinuclear complex of iron indicated by formula (1), Fe having bonds with carbon atoms included in X and the total number of Fe-carbon bonds being 2-10. As a result of using iron, the hydrosilylation iron catalyst is advantageous from a cost perspective as well as being easily synthesized. Hydrosilylation reactions can be promoted under mild conditions by using this catalyst.

Fe(X).sub.a  (1)

(in the formula, each X independently indicates a C2-30 ligand that may include an unsaturated group excluding carbonyl groups (CO groups) and cyclopentadienyl groups, however at least one X includes an unsaturated group, a indicates an integer of 2-4 per Fe atom.)

I, II, III and IV,

##STR00001## wherein Y is a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 linear, branched or cyclic hydrocarbyl group, or a C.sub.6-C.sub.30 aryl or substituted aryl group; L is an electron-donating ligand; A is an element selected from Group 15 or 16; R is a C.sub.1-C.sub.30 alkyl, aryl, or substituted aryl group; n is an integer from 1 to 3; m is an integer from 1 to 4; B is a boron atom; M is selected from lanthanides or transition metals from group 3, 4, 5 or 6; X is an anionic ligand to M and z is the valence of M minus 2; and a catalyst comprising a 2-indenyl metallocene complex, a ligand precursor, a process for preparation of a ligand precursor, a process for preparation of olefin polymers in the presence of 2-indenyl metallocene complexes, articles comprising an olefin polymer, and methods of making the articles.

Methods of synthesizing the angiotensin II receptor antagonist telmisartan in high yield and purity are provided. The methods involve the coupling of two structurally distinct benzimidazole units via a Suzuki cross-coupling reaction. Methods of regioselectively synthesizing one of the benzimidazole units are also provided.