The present invention relates to catalytically active material, comprising grains of non-graphitizing carbon with nickel nanoparticles dispersed therein, wherein dp, the average diameter of nickel nanoparticles in the non-graphitizing carbon grains, is in the range of 1 nm to 20 nm, D, the average distance between nickel nanoparticles in the non-graphitizing carbon grains, is in the range of 2 nm to 150 nm, and ω, the combined total mass fraction of metal in the non-graphitizing carbon grains, is in the range of 30 wt % to 70 wt % of the total mass of the non-graphitizing carbon grains, and wherein dp, D and ω conform to the following relation: 4.5 dp/ω>D≥0.25 dp/ω. The present invention, further, relates to a process for the manufacture of material according to the invention, as well as its use as a catalyst.

A catalyst having coke wherein the coke, upon analysis by infrared spectroscopy in diffuse reflection, has at least two peaks at a wavelength between 1450 cm.sup.−1 and 1700 cm.sup.−1.

The aforesaid catalyst having coke can be advantageously used in a process for the production of a diene, preferably a conjugated diene, more preferably 1,3-butadiene, said process having the dehydration of at least one alkenol having a number of carbon atoms greater than or equal to 4.

Preferably, the alkenol having a number of carbon atoms greater than or equal to 4 can be obtained directly from biosynthetic processes, or through catalytic dehydration processes of at least one diol.

When the alkenol is a butenol, the diol is preferably a butanediol, more preferably 1,3-butanediol, even more preferably bio-1,3-butanediol, i.e. 1,3-butanediol deriving from biosynthetic processes.

When the diol is 1,3-butanediol, or bio-1,3-butanediol, the diene obtained with the process is, respectively, 1,3-butadiene, or bio-1,3-butadiene.

Proposed is a catalyst complex having high activity for carbon dioxide conversion reaction that converts carbon dioxide to useful compounds through reaction of carbon dioxide and hydrocarbon containing at least one hydroxyl group, and a carbon dioxide conversion process using the same, wherein the catalyst complex includes, as an active metal in the catalyst complex, at least one of noble metals and at least one of transition metals other than noble metals, thereby having high activity for the carbon dioxide conversion reaction.

Catalyst systems containing a titanium alkoxymagnesium halide supported catalyst component can be used for the polymerization of olefins. The catalyst can be prepared from a microcrystalline solid alkoxymagnesium halide support having a lattice spacing in the 5 nm to 15 nm range.

Disclosed herein are catalyst compositions having improved mercury intrusion volume and surface areas and processes for making these compositions. The enhanced compositions disclosed herein contain zirconium, cerium, optionally yttrium, and optionally one or more rare earths other than cerium and yttrium. Further disclosed are processes of producing these compositions involving supercritical drying after addition of mesitylene. The compositions can be used as a catalyst and/or as part of a catalyst system in an automobile exhaust system.

A zirconia-based porous body including an oxide of a rare earth element, in which when a pore volume in a pore distribution range of 30 nm or more and 200 nm or less after heating at 1150° C. for 12 hours under atmospheric pressure is defined as pore volume A and a pore volume in a pore distribution range of 30 nm or more and 200 nm or less before heating is defined as pore volume B, the pore volume A is 0.10 ml/g or more and 0.40 ml/g or less, and a pore volume retention ratio X in a pore distribution range of 30 nm or more and 200 nm or less represented by a formula [[(pore volume A)/(pore volume B)]×100] is 25% or more and 95% or less.

A novel NiFeAl-based catalytic material was developed for the conversion of methane, the main constituent of natural gas, to synthesis gas, which is a mixture of H.sub.2 and CO in a H.sub.2/CO molar ratio of 2, through partial oxidation by air at reasonable temperatures.

A process of preparing a solid catalyst component for the production of polypropylene includes a) dissolving a halide-containing magnesium compound in a mixture, the mixture including an epoxy compound, an organic phosphorus compound, and a hydrocarbon solvent to form a homogenous solution; b) treating the homogenous solution with an organosilicon compound during or after the dissolving step; c) treating the homogenous solution with a first titanium compound in the presence of a first non-phthalate electron donor, and an organosilicon compound, to form a solid precipitate; and d) treating the solid precipitate with a second titanium compound in the presence of a second non-phthalate electron donor to form the solid catalyst component, where the process is free of carboxylic acids and anhydrides.

The oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane comprises contacting a mixture of ethane and oxygen in an ODH reactor with an ODH catalyst under conditions that promote oxidation of ethane into ethylene. Conditions within the reactor are controlled by the operator and include, but are not limited to, parameters such as 5 temperature, pressure, and flow rate. Conditions will vary and can be optimized for a specific catalyst, or whether an inert diluent is used in the mixing of the reactants. Disclosed herein is a catalyst consisting of: Mo.sub.0-1W.sub.0.3-1V.sub.0.2-0.4Te.sub.0.06-0.10Fe.sub.0.0-0.10Nb.sub.0.08-0.18O.sub.X where X is determined by the valance of the metals.

The present disclosure generally relates to a denitration catalyst, and in particular to a method for preparing the denitration catalyst. The present disclosure also relates to a method for preparing a coated substrate comprising the denitration catalyst. The present invention also relates to use of the denitration catalyst and/or coated substrate at low temperatures and/or humid environments.