The present invention relates to a method of increasing the bioavailability and/or prolonging ophthalmic action of a drug, the method comprising instilling into the eye an aqueous suspension comprising reversible clusters of drug loaded nano-resin particles, said clusters having a D50 value of at least 2 micrometer and said drug loaded nano-resin particles have a particle size distribution characterized in that the D90 value is 70 nanometer to 900 nanometer. The present invention further relates to an aqueous suspension comprising reversible clusters of drug loaded nano-resin particles, said clusters have a D50 value of at least 2 micrometers and said drug loaded nano-resin particles have a particle size distribution characterized in that the D90 value is 70 nanometers to 900 nanometers.

A method for purifying a nonaqueous liquid substance includes: filling a cartridge container with a macroporous or porous type ion exchange resin in a water-wet state to obtain an ion exchange resin-filled cartridge filled with the macroporous or porous type ion exchange resin before water content reduction; reducing a water content of the macroporous or porous type ion exchange resin in the cartridge container until a water content (A) of the macroporous or porous type ion exchange resin after water content reduction becomes 90 to 97% of a water content (B) of the macroporous or porous type ion exchange resin in a saturated equilibrium state; an initial blowing step of allowing the nonaqueous liquid substance before being purified to pass inside the cartridge container filled with the macroporous or porous type ion exchange resin after water content reduction and discharging an initial blow effluent from inside the cartridge container; and purification.

This invention relates to a process for the recovery of cobalt ions and tungstic acid and/or its derivatives from aqueous solutions, such as in particular the spent catalytic waters deriving from processes for the oxidative cleavage of vegetable oils. In particular this invention relates to a process for the recovery of cobalt ions and tungstic acid and/or its derivatives which provides for the use of cation-exchange resins.

This invention relates to a process for the recovery of cobalt ions and tungstic acid and/or its derivatives from aqueous solutions, such as in particular the spent catalytic waters deriving from processes for the oxidative cleavage of vegetable oils. In particular this invention relates to a process for the recovery of cobalt ions and tungstic acid and/or its derivatives which provides for the use of cation-exchange resins.

A quaternary ammonium group-grafted cation resin and a preparation method thereof are provided. The preparation method includes: adding a chloromethylated cross-linked polystyrene (PS) resin, trimethylamine hydrochloride, and a 20% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution successively to a reactor for a reaction under stirring at 30° C. to 40° C.; filtering a resulting reaction solution, followed by washing and drying to obtain a quaternary ammonium group-grafted resin; adding the quaternary ammonium group-grafted resin, 1,2-dichloroethane, silver sulfate, concentrated sulfuric acid, and fuming sulfuric acid successively for a reaction for 1 hour at 50° C. to 60° C., a reaction for 1 hour at 70° C. to 80° C., and a reaction for 5 hours at 115° C. to 125° C.; and cooling a resulting reaction solution to room temperature, followed by diluting, filtering, washing and drying to obtain the quaternary ammonium group-grafted cation resin.

A quaternary ammonium group-grafted cation resin and a preparation method thereof are provided. The preparation method includes: adding a chloromethylated cross-linked polystyrene (PS) resin, trimethylamine hydrochloride, and a 20% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution successively to a reactor for a reaction under stirring at 30° C. to 40° C.; filtering a resulting reaction solution, followed by washing and drying to obtain a quaternary ammonium group-grafted resin; adding the quaternary ammonium group-grafted resin, 1,2-dichloroethane, silver sulfate, concentrated sulfuric acid, and fuming sulfuric acid successively for a reaction for 1 hour at 50° C. to 60° C., a reaction for 1 hour at 70° C. to 80° C., and a reaction for 5 hours at 115° C. to 125° C.; and cooling a resulting reaction solution to room temperature, followed by diluting, filtering, washing and drying to obtain the quaternary ammonium group-grafted cation resin.

A polymeric bead having radius R wherein the polymer comprises 0.3% to 20% by weight, based on the weight of the polymer, of polymerized units of one or more multifunctional vinyl monomer and 80% to 99.7% by weight, based on the weight of the polymer, of polymerized units of one or more monofunctional vinyl monomer, (a) wherein the polymerized units of multifunctional vinyl monomer have radial distribution factor MR of 0.9 to 1.1, and (b) wherein some of the vinyl groups in the polymerized units of multivinyl monomer are unreacted, and the unreacted vinyl groups have a radial distribution factor VR of 2.5 or higher.

A polymeric bead having radius R wherein the polymer comprises 0.3% to 20% by weight, based on the weight of the polymer, of polymerized units of one or more multifunctional vinyl monomer and 80% to 99.7% by weight, based on the weight of the polymer, of polymerized units of one or more monofunctional vinyl monomer, (a) wherein the polymerized units of multifunctional vinyl monomer have radial distribution factor MR of 0.9 to 1.1, and (b) wherein some of the vinyl groups in the polymerized units of multivinyl monomer are unreacted, and the unreacted vinyl groups have a radial distribution factor VR of 2.5 or higher.

A bipolar membrane in which a cation-exchange membrane and an anion-exchange membrane are joined to each other, wherein a leakage ratio of gluconic acid at 60° C. is not more than 1.0%, and the cation-exchange membrane is supported by a polyolefin reinforcing member and, further, contains a polyvinyl chloride.

A bipolar membrane in which a cation-exchange membrane and an anion-exchange membrane are joined to each other, wherein a leakage ratio of gluconic acid at 60° C. is not more than 1.0%, and the cation-exchange membrane is supported by a polyolefin reinforcing member and, further, contains a polyvinyl chloride.