An integrated process and system to generate power and convert acyclic C5 feedstock to non-aromatic, cyclic C5 hydrocarbon. A combustion device, such as a turbine, and reactor tubes containing catalyst compound are disclosed. A process involving contacting acyclic C5 feedstock with catalyst composition and obtaining cyclic C5 hydrocarbon is also disclosed.

A method and device for producing ammonia from a syngas in a heterogeneous gas catalysis process in at least two reaction devices connected in series. Each reaction device includes at least two catalyst beds through which the syngas is conducted and in which an at least partial conversion of the syngas into the product gas is carried out. At least one first heat exchanger is provided in the first reaction device, and the fresh syngas is pre-heated in the first heat exchanger. The syngas exiting the first catalyst bed and which includes the product and non-converted reactants is cooled before entering the second catalyst bed. According to an embodiment of the invention, the pre-heating process is carried out in a first heat exchanger arranged between the first and the second catalyst bed. Thus, synthesis conversion can be increased without substantially increasing the process gas quantity.

Various embodiments may include a reactor comprising: a reaction chamber having a lower region defining a sorbent collection zone; a first feed device supplying reactants to the reaction chamber; a second feed device supplying a liquid sorbent to the reaction chamber; a discharge device connected to the sorbent collection zone for removing sorbent from the sorbent collection zone; and a cooling device for cooling the sorbent in the reaction chamber.

An apparatus for steam reforming of hydrocarbons is described including a steam reformer containing a plurality of externally-heated vertical tubes each tube having an inlet for a feed gas mixture including hydrocarbon and steam, and an outlet for a reformed gas mixture, wherein the tubes contain a particulate steam reforming catalyst adjacent the outlet and a structured steam reforming catalyst adjacent the inlet. A process for steam reforming of hydrocarbons using the apparatus is also described.

Systems and methods for making ceramic powders configured with consistent, tailored characteristics and/or properties are provided herein. In some embodiments a system for making ceramic powders, includes: a reactor body having a reaction chamber and configured with a heat source to provide a hot zone along the reaction chamber; a sweep gas inlet configured to direct a sweep gas into the reaction chamber and a sweep gas outlet configured to direct an exhaust gas from the reaction chamber; a plurality of containers, within the reactor body, configured to retain at least one preform, wherein each container is configured to permit the sweep gas to flow therethrough, wherein the preform is configured to permit the sweep gas to flow there through, such that the precursor mixture is reacted in the hot zone to form a ceramic powder product having uniform properties.

A system is disclosed for producing ultra-high-molecular-weight (UHMW) poly-alpha-olefins (PAO) for use as pipeline drag reducing agents, having improved thermal efficiency and reduced branching of the PAO. The system comprises hinged pairs of shells, each pair of shells comprising a grid of larger hemispherical voids connected by smaller hemicylindrical passages, arranged in a serpentine pattern along the surface area of the shell. When the hinged pairs of shells are shut, they form a pattern of spherical voids which can be connected to an inlet port, which receives a combination of alpha-olefin monomer feedstock and a titanium trichloride catalyst. A reactor chamber houses a plurality of these hinged pairs of shells, which may slide into slots inside the reactor chamber spaced such that each adjacent hinged pair of shells abuts the outer surface of the next when shut and inserted. The reactor chamber is cooled by an inert gas.

Prolonged operation campaigns in a fluidized bed reactor for producing granular polysilicon by deposition of silicon onto silicon seed particles from a silicon-containing precursor gas is made possible by employing a silicon-coated reaction tube which is not insulated above a region of the fluidized bed and as a result has a lower temperature such that the ratio of the thickness of the silicon on the reactor tube adjoining the fluidized bed to the coating thickness over the total reactor tube is from 7:1 to 1.5 to 1 after production campaign of from 15 to 500 days.

Systems and methods are disclosed for detecting temperature excursion in a chemical plant or petrochemical plant or refinery. Aspects of the disclosure provide an enhanced control system for a reactor, such as in hydroprocessing. The enhanced control system may provide early warnings of impending undesirable events, directly or indirectly manipulate certain process variables to reduce undesirable outcomes, and/or directly or indirectly manipulate of certain process variables so as to place a reactor unit in a safe park state. This may avoid a high temperature trip, depressuration, associated operating risks, allow for faster recovery from temperature excursions, and/or avoid unplanned emergency shutdowns of the reactor, chemical process, plant, or refinery.

A load-following reactor system and associated facilities for improved control of a reactor under varying loads. The load-following reactor may be a tube-cooled reactor for methanol synthesis. A reactant may be controlled by at least one valve element such that a portion of the reactant is fed to the reactor through the reactor tubes, and a portion of the reactant is fed to the reactor after being heated in a heat exchanger. The heated portion of the reactant may be fed to the reactor after the tubes. The valve element may be controlled based on a temperature of the reactor and/or a flowrate of reactant feed to adapt the temperature of the reactor to the changing reactant flowrate.

Disclosed is a process and apparatus for cooling a coolant used in a heat exchange equipment in a plant. The process is performed in a plant having the apparatus disclosed herein. The process and apparatus utilize a geothermal cooling loop for cooling at least a portion of the total amount of coolant circulating in the coolant loop that is used to cool a surface of a heat exchange equipment in the plant.