A solids circulation system receives a gas stream containing char or other reacting solids from a first reactor. The solids circulation system includes a cyclone configured to receive the gas stream from the first reactor, a dipleg from the cyclone to a second reactor, and a riser from the second reactor which merges with the gas stream received by the cyclone. The second reactor has a dense fluid bed and converts the received materials to gaseous products. A conveying fluid transports a portion of the bed media from the second reactor through the riser to mix with the gas stream prior to cyclone entry. The bed media helps manipulate the solids that is received by the cyclone to facilitate flow of solids down the dipleg into the second reactor. The second reactor provides additional residence time, mixing and gas-solid contact for efficient conversion of char or reacting solids.

Provided is a process of manufacturing light olefins, which is a fluidized bed catalytic naphtha cracking process having improved economic feasibility and decreased greenhouse gas emissions. The process of manufacturing light olefins according to the present invention has a decreased hot spot occurring when supplying an additional fuel oil and decreased tendency of catalyst deactivation by water, thereby improving economic feasibility of the process and reducing greenhouse gas emissions to allow construction of an environmentally friendly process.

A solids circulation system receives a gas stream containing char or other reacting solids from a first reactor. The solids circulation system includes a cyclone configured to receive the gas stream from the first reactor, a dipleg from the cyclone to a second reactor, and a riser from the second reactor which merges with the gas stream received by the cyclone. The second reactor has a dense fluid bed and converts the received materials to gaseous products. A conveying fluid transports a portion of the bed media from the second reactor through the riser to mix with the gas stream prior to cyclone entry. The bed media helps manipulate the solids that is received by the cyclone to facilitate flow of solids down the dipleg into the second reactor. The second reactor provides additional residence time, mixing and gas-solid contact for efficient conversion of char or reacting solids.

The disclosure concerns a process to perform reverse water-gas shift reaction with production of carbon monoxide, comprising the steps of (a) providing a CO.sub.2-and-hydrogen donor containing feedstock, and at least one fluidized bed reactor comprising at least two electrodes and a bed comprising particles; (b) putting the particles of the bed in a fluidized state; (c) heating the fluidized bed to a temperature ranging from 500 C. to 1000 C.; the process is such that the particles comprise electrically conductive particles and particles of a catalytic composition, wherein at least 10 wt. % of the particles are electrically conductive particles and have a resistivity ranging from 0.001 Ohm.Math.cm to 500 Ohm.Math.cm at 700 C.; wherein the catalytic composition comprises metallic compounds; and in that CA the step c) of heating the fluidized bed is performed by passing an electric current through the fluidized bed.

The invention is directed to a system for energy storage comprising a chemical combustion reactor comprising a reactor segment that comprises at least two porous active fixed beds that are separated by an inactive insulating layer which are at least partially surrounded by an insulating mantle. The active beds comprise a metal and/or oxide thereof.

A method and apparatus for adjusting the temperature inside a reformer tube is provided. This includes utilizing at least one heating element. The heating element is inserted inside the reformer tube and is located approximately at the axial center of the reformer tube. The reformer tube is then filled with catalyst, thereby maintaining the central location of the heating element. The heat input of the heating element may now be adjusted, thereby controlling the temperature of the catalyst.

The invention relates to a method for producing a synthesis gas for use in the production of a hydrocarbon product, particularly a synthetic fuel, said method comprising the steps of: providing a hydrocarbon feed stream comprising biogas; optionally, purifying the hydrocarbon feed stream in a gas purification unit; optionally, prereforming the hydrocarbon feed stream together with a steam feedstock in a prereforming unit; carrying out steam methane reforming in a reforming reactor heated by means of an electrical power source; providing the synthesis gas to a synthetic fuel synthesis unit, preferably a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis unit, for converting said synthesis gas into hydrocarbon product and producing a tail gas. The invention also relates to a system for producing a synthesis gas for use in the production of a hydrocarbon product, particularly a synthetic fuel.

The present invention relates, in general, to a system and method for focusing gas distribution through at least one three-dimensionally (3D) printed lattice heating elements within an electric catalyst unit to promote ammonia dissociation. The present invention allows gaseous ammonia to be continuously heated under turbulence as it flows through non-linear paths within a 3D printed lattice heating element. The lattice structure of the heating element provides a balance between surface area and heat dissipation, allowing the heating elements to reach a suitable temperature to perform ammonia dissociation, but which are not oversaturated with heat which could result in failure or melting of the heating element.

The present invention relates, in general, to a system and method for focusing gas distribution through at least one three-dimensionally (3D) printed lattice heating elements within an electric catalyst unit to promote ammonia dissociation. The present invention allows gaseous ammonia to be continuously heated under turbulence as it flows through non-linear paths within a 3D printed lattice heating element. The lattice structure of the heating element provides a balance between surface area and heat dissipation, allowing the heating elements to reach a suitable temperature to perform ammonia dissociation, but which are not oversaturated with heat which could result in failure or melting of the heating element.

Electrically heated reforming reactors and associated reforming processes are disclosed, which benefit from a number of advantages in terms of attaining and controlling the input of heat to catalytic conversion processes such as in the reforming of hydrocarbons (e.g., methane) using H.sub.2O and/or CO.sub.2 as an oxidant. The disclosed reactors provide the ability to target the input of heat to specific regions within a catalyst bed volume. This allows for the control of the temperature profile in one or more dimensions (e.g., axially and/or radially) and/or otherwise tailoring heat input for processing specific reformer feeds, achieving specific reformer products, effectively utilizing the catalyst, and/or compensating for a number of operating parameters (e.g., flow distribution). Dynamic control of the heat input may be used in response to changes in feed or product composition and/or catalyst activity.