A thermochemical treatment installation includes a reaction chamber, at least one gas inlet, and a gas preheater chamber situated between the gas inlet and the reaction chamber. The preheater chamber has a plurality of perforated distribution trays held spaced apart one above another. The preheater chamber also includes, between at least the facing distribution trays, a plurality of walls defining flow paths for a gas stream between said trays.

The disclosure concerns a process to perform a catalytic dehydration of alcohols having at least two carbon atoms into olefins, said process comprising the steps of a) providing one fluidized bed reactor and a bed comprising particles; b) putting the particles in a fluidized state to obtain a fluidized bed; c) heating the fluidized bed to a temperature ranging from 200 C. to 500 C.; remarkable in that the particles of the bed comprise electrically conductive particles and particles of one or more solid acid catalysts, wherein at least 10 wt. % of the particles based on the total weight of the particles of the bed are electrically conductive particles and have a resistivity ranging from 0.001 Ohm.Math.cm to 500 Ohm.Math.cm at 400 C.; and in that the step c) of heating the fluidized bed is performed by passing an electric current through the fluidized bed.

The invention relates to a reactor comprising a moving bed of solid particles that move in the direction of gravitation, and to a method for heating a reactor that comprises a moving bed, for the purpose of pyrolysis reactions.

Method for controlling an ammonia synthesis converter or a methanol synthesis converter during intermittent availability of a renewable power-dependent hydrogen feed, wherein under a limited or no availability of power the converter effluent is recycled back to the inlet of said converter in a loop, and heated to keep said converter in a hot stand-by mode wherein the temperature in the reaction space remains within a target range.

A process for the high-pressure non-catalytic synthesis of melamine from urea wherein various heat inputs of the process are provided electrically, the process comprises reacting urea to form melamine in a synthesis reactor provided with electrical heating elements, the process further comprises heating the melamine melt electrically during transport and/or using electrically produced heat to remove water from melamine crystals.

The disclosure concerns a process to perform a catalytic dehydration of alcohols having at least two carbon atoms into olefins, said process comprising the steps of a) providing one fluidized bed reactor and a bed comprising particles; b) putting the particles in a fluidized state to obtain a fluidized bed; c) heating the fluidized bed to a temperature ranging from 200 C. to 500 C.; remarkable in that the particles of the bed comprise electrically conductive particles and particles of one or more solid acid catalysts, wherein at least 10 wt. % of the particles based on the total weight of the particles of the bed are electrically conductive particles and have a resistivity ranging from 0.001 Ohm.Math.cm to 500 Ohm.Math.cm at 400 C.; and in that the step c) of heating the fluidized bed is performed by passing an electric current through the fluidized bed.

The invention includes apparatus and methods for instantiating materials, such as gases and hydrogen, in a nanoporous carbon powder.

The present disclosure is directed to systems and methods for direct electrical heating of process heaters tubes (e.g., reactor tubes) using galvanic isolation techniques. The disclosure is also directed to systems and methods for direct electrical heating of process heaters tubes wherein the tubes are galvanically isolated in such a manner as to avoid the use of electrical insulation of the tube from the rest of the system, such as the other tubes, the tube inlet header and/or the tube outlet header, and the reactor shell.

The present disclosure relates to a low temperature method for the production of pure hydrogen using a methane rich stream as raw material, and to perform in-situ catalyst regeneration. The process involves the decomposition of methane into COx-free hydrogen in an electrochemical/chemical membrane/chemical reactor or chemical fluidised reactor. As the methane decomposition reaction progresses, carbon structures (whiskers) are accumulated at the catalyst surface leading eventually to its deactivation. The catalyst regeneration is achieved using a small fraction of the produced hydrogen to react with carbon formed at the catalyst surface provoking the carbon detachment, thus regenerating the catalyst. This is achieved either by chemical/electrochemical methanation of carbon at the catalyst interface with hydrogen/protons or by rising the temperature of the catalyst, ideally keeping the reactor temperature constant. A single compact device is described, enabling the hydrogen production, hydrogen purification and catalyst regeneration.

The present disclosure is directed to systems and methods for direct electrical heating of process heaters tubes (e.g., reactor tubes) using galvanic isolation techniques. The disclosure is also directed to systems and methods for direct electrical heating of process heaters tubes wherein the tubes are galvanically isolated in such a manner as to avoid the use of electrical insulation of the tube from the rest of the system, such as the other tubes, the tube inlet header and/or the tube outlet header, and the reactor shell.