The present invention discloses process and apparatus for the production of light olefins from their respective alkanes by catalytic dehydrogenation, where in the dehydrogenation reaction is carried out in multiple semi-continuously operated fluidized bed isothermal reactors, connected to a common regenerator and wherein the process is carried out in a sequence of steps in each cycle i.e., entry of hot regenerated catalyst, pre-treatment with reducing gas, dehydrogenation reaction, stripping, transfer of catalyst to regenerator and catalyst regeneration. Process cycle in each reactor starts at different times such that the catalyst inventory in the regenerator is invariable with time.

The present disclosure provides systems and methods for processing ammonia. The system may comprise one or more reactor modules configured to generate hydrogen from a source material comprising ammonia. The hydrogen generated by the one or more reactor modules may be used to provide additional heating of the reactor modules (e.g., via combustion of the hydrogen), or may be provided to one or more fuel cells for the generation of electrical energy.

The present disclosure provides systems and methods for processing ammonia. The system may comprise one or more reactor modules configured to generate hydrogen from a source material comprising ammonia. The hydrogen generated by the one or more reactor modules may be used to provide additional heating of the reactor modules (e.g., via combustion of the hydrogen), or may be provided to one or more fuel cells for the generation of electrical energy.

A reactor system for thermally treating a hydrocarbon-containing stream, that includes a pressure containment vessel comprising an interior chamber defined by a first end, a second end, and at least one side wall extending from the first end to the second end; and a ceramic heat transfer medium that converts electrical current to heat and is positioned within the interior chamber of the pressure containment vessel, wherein the heat transfer medium comprises an electrical resistor, an electrical lead line configured to provide electrical current to the heat transfer medium, a first end face, a second end face, and channels extending between the first end face and the second end face.

A process for large scale and energy efficient production of oxygenates from sugar is disclosed in which a sugar feedstock is introduced into a thermolytic fragmentation reactor comprising a fluidized stream of heat carrying particles which are separated from the reaction product and directed to a reheater comprising a resistance heating system.

A method for producing biomass derived liquid, comprises: feeding biomass, a solvent and a catalyst into a batch reactor, and heating and mixing in the batch reactor a compound comprising the biomass, solvent, and catalyst. The solvent is glycerol and wherein feeding the solvent into the batch reactor is performed through electrostatic atomization.

The invention relates to a reactor configuration comprising an electrically heated furnace, with at least one reactor tube placed within the furnace and said reactor tube having an exit and entrance outside of the reactor furnace, and wherein said furnace is further provided with at least one electrical radiative heating element suitable for heating to high temperatures located inside said furnace in such a way that the heating element is in no direct contact with the reactor tube; and; and a number of inspection ports in the furnace wall such to be able to visually inspect the condition of the reactor tube on each opposite side of said reactor tube during operation, the total number of inspection ports being sufficient to inspect all reactor tubes present in the furnace at their full length and circumference; and wherein the heating duty of the furnace is at least 3 MW.

A subject of the invention is a fluidized-bed reactor for producing granular polycrystalline silicon. The fluidized-bed reactor comprises a segmented reactor tube, which is disposed between a reactor top and a reactor bottom, a heating facility, at least one nozzle for supplying fluidizing gas, at least one nozzle for supplying reaction gas, a facility for supplying silicon seed particles, a product removal line, and an offgas removal line. The segmented reactor tube comprises a base segment and at least one spacer segment, there being disposed, between base segment and spacer segment, a flat seal made from a carbon-containing material, the spacer segment consisting of a material which, within a temperature range from 100 to 950° C., has a thermal conductivity of <2 W/mK.

Systems and methods are provided for performing the initial heating phase for a thick wall reactor, such as a hydroprocessing reactor, by using heat tracing to heat the exterior walls of the reactor. Instead of attempting to initially heat the reactor by passing a low pressure heat transfer gas through the interior of the reactor, external heater(s) placed under the reactor insulation can be used to heat the exterior of the reactor. An example of a suitable external heater is a heat tracing blanket, where heat is provided by passing steam through pipes in contact with the external surface or by electrical heaters in contact with the external surface. This can allow for more rapid heating of the reactor, so that a target temperature can be achieved in a time of 5.0 hours or less.

A plant that consumes a reformed gas obtained by reforming a source gas including at least methane and carbon dioxide includes: a reforming device that includes a reforming catalyst for reforming the source gas and an electric power supply member for supplying electric power to the reforming catalyst and that supplies electric power to the reforming catalyst to reform the source gas; and a reformed gas consuming apparatus that consumes the reformed gas A reaction temperature of a reforming reaction of the source gas in the reforming device can be adjusted by adjusting a supply amount of a heating medium including exhaust heat generated due to consumption of the reformed gas in the reformed gas consuming apparatus to the reforming device when heat exchange between the source gas and the heat medium is performed in the reforming gas.