A process for continuous, on-demand production of dilute acrolein liquid on-site, at or near the point of acrolein injection, by the liquid dehydration of glycerol in an improved tubular reactor where non-aqueous glycerol is combined with a heteropolyacid catalyst, including silicotungstic acid, phosphotungstic acid, or phosphomolybdic acid. The acid catalyst is evenly dissolved and dispersed in the glycerol upstream of the reactor vessel. The reaction is conducted in a tubular reactor which is heated to an elevated reaction temperature. The dilute acrolein produced in the tubular reactor is directed downstream, optionally through a liquid-liquid heat exchanger and then an air-liquid heat exchanger to reduce temperature, and then diluted prior to being injected into sulfide contaminated systems (such as oil & gas water floods, water disposal systems, producing oil wells, and fuel oil storage) via a pressure conduit.

The present invention relates to a method for producing purified phosgene vapor, comprising the following steps: 1) providing a gas flow obtainable from the reaction of chlorine with carbon monoxide and comprising phosgene and carbon monoxide; 2) one-stage or multi-stage condensation of the gas flow and separation of non-condensable residue gases; 3) one-stage or multi-stage evaporation of the liquid phosgene obtained in step 2) and optional overheating of the produced phosgene vapour, wherein there is an energy integration between one or more of the condensation steps of step 2) and one or more of the evaporation steps in step 3) and the pressure in the last condensation step is between 0.2 and 6.0 bar higher than in the first evaporation step.

A low cost and versatile plate reactor is capable of producing exothermic reactions under a wide variety of conditions using a wide variety of materials. The reactor design can be used to test various combinations of materials and triggers for exothermic reactions quickly. The reactor design can be used for solid-state materials, wet-cells/electrolytic materials, plasmas, and gases. The design will work with nanoparticles, solid materials, materials plated to a reactor wall, heavy water, or other liquid materials, and gases.

Various embodiments include a reactor comprising: a longitudinally extending reaction channel providing a flow path for a first reactant; a feed channel providing a flow path for a second reactant; multiple passage openings spaced apart from one another providing fluidic connecting between the feed channel and the reaction channel via respective partial streams for the second reactant; and a medium channel surrounding the reaction channel to bring a medium for exchange of heat with contents of the reaction channel and influencing a temperature of the reaction channel. The respective partial streams for the second reactant mix with the first reactant in the reaction channel to allow a chemical reaction of the first reactant and the second reactant.

Various embodiments may include a reactor comprising: a reaction chamber having a lower region defining a sorbent collection zone; a first feed device supplying reactants to the reaction chamber; a second feed device supplying a liquid sorbent to the reaction chamber; a discharge device connected to the sorbent collection zone for removing sorbent from the sorbent collection zone; and a cooling device for cooling the sorbent in the reaction chamber.

Compartmentalized reactor which makes possible the oligomerization of olefins to give linear olefins and preferably to give linear -olefins, comprising a reaction chamber and at least one heat exchanger(s). The compartmentalized reactor is also employed in an oligomerization process.

A reactor includes a reaction unit, a first pipe, a second pipe, a composition analysis unit connected to the first pipe, a regulating unit connected to the second pipe so as to regulate a flow rate or the like of a second fluid, a control unit causing the regulating unit to regulate the flow rate or the like of the second fluid in accordance with a composition of a product analyzed by the composition analysis unit so that a temperature of a third fluid is controlled to lead the composition of the product to keep a predetermined reaction rate or yield, and a first temperature measurement unit connected to the first pipe so as to measure the temperature of the third fluid. The control unit acquires the information on the temperature of the third fluid from the first temperature measurement unit.

Various embodiments include a reactor comprising: a longitudinally extending reaction channel providing a flow path for a first reactant; a feed channel providing a flow path for a second reactant; multiple passage openings spaced apart from one another providing fluidic connecting between the feed channel and the reaction channel via respective partial streams for the second reactant; and a medium channel surrounding the reaction channel to bring a medium for exchange of heat with contents of the reaction channel and influencing a temperature of the reaction channel. The respective partial streams for the second reactant mix with the first reactant in the reaction channel to allow a chemical reaction of the first reactant and the second reactant.

A process for continuous, on-demand production of dilute acrolein liquid on-site, at or near the point of acrolein injection, by the liquid dehydration of glycerol in an improved tubular reactor where non-aqueous glycerol is combined with a heteropolyacid catalyst, including silicotungstic acid, phosphotungstic acid, or phosphomolybdic acid. The acid catalyst is evenly dissolved and dispersed in the glycerol upstream of the reactor vessel. The reaction is conducted in a tubular reactor which is heated to an elevated reaction temperature. The dilute acrolein produced in the tubular reactor is directed downstream, optionally through a liquid-liquid heat exchanger and then an air-liquid heat exchanger to reduce temperature, and then diluted prior to being injected into sulfide contaminated systems (such as oil & gas water floods, water disposal systems, producing oil wells, and fuel oil storage) via a pressure conduit.

A multi-stage product gas generation system converts a carbonaceous material, such as municipal solid waste, into a product gas which may subsequently be converted into a liquid fuel or other material. One or more reactors containing bed material may be used to conduct reactions to effect the conversions. Unreacted inert feedstock contaminants present in the carbonaceous material may be separated from bed material using a portion of the product gas. A heat transfer medium collecting heat from a reaction in one stage may be applied as a reactant input in another, earlier stage.