A method of preparing an aromatic vinyl compound-vinyl cyanide compound polymer includes polymerizing a reaction mixture containing an aromatic vinyl compound, a vinyl cyanide compound, and an organic solvent in a reactor and transferring the vaporized reaction mixture present in the upper space of the reactor to a heat exchanger via a pipe and condensing the vaporized reaction mixture. The condensed reaction mixture is transferred to one side of the pipe and sprayed into the pipe, the flow velocity of the reaction mixture vaporized in the reactor is reduced, and temperature is lowered. Accordingly, a phenomenon wherein polymer particles in a reactor are sucked into a heat exchanger is prevented, and occurrence of polymerization in the heat exchanger is suppressed. Therefore, productivity and quality may be improved.

Systems and methods are provided for improving the operation of groups of reverse flow reactors by operating reactors in a regeneration portion of the reaction cycle to have improved flue gas management. The flue gas from reactor(s) at a later portion of the regeneration step can be selectively used for recycle back to the reactors as a diluent/heat transport fluid. The flue gas from a reactor earlier in a regeneration step can be preferentially used as the gas vented from the system to maintain the desired volume of gas within the system. This results in preferential use of higher temperature flue gas for recycle and lower temperature flue gas for venting from the system. This improved use of flue gas within a reaction system including reverse flow reactors can allow for improved reaction performance while reducing or minimizing heat losses during the regeneration portion of the reaction cycle.

A reactor layout for a process of methanol production from low quality synthesis gas, in which relatively smaller adiabatic reactors can be operated more efficiently, some of the inherent disadvantages of adiabatic reactors for methanol production are avoided. This is done by controlling the outlet temperature in the pre-converter by rapid adjustment of the recycle gas, i.e. by manipulating the gas hourly space velocity in the pre-converter.

In a novel process for methanol production from low quality synthesis gas, in which relatively smaller adiabatic reactors can be operated more efficiently, some of the inherent disadvantages of adiabatic reactors for methanol production are avoided. This is done by controlling the outlet temperature in the pre-converter by rapid adjustment of the recycle gas, i.e. by manipulating the gas hourly space velocity in the pre-converter.

It is desirable to provide improved processes and apparatuses for methylation of aromatic compounds such as toluene and benzene in an aromatics complex. Described herein are processes and apparatuses for methylation of aromatics in an aromatics complex for producing a xylene isomer product. More specifically, processes and apparatuses for producing para-xylene by the selective methylation of toluene and/or benzene in an aromatics complex.

Embodiments provide a methane microporous carbon adsorbent including a thermally-treated CVD carbon having a shape in the form of a negative replica of a crystalline zeolite has a BET specific surface area, a micropore volume, a micropore to mesopore volume ratio, a stored methane value and a methane delivered value and a sequential carbon synthesis method for forming the methane microporous carbon adsorbent. Introducing an organic precursor gas for a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) period to a crystalline zeolite that is maintained at a CVD temperature forms the carbon-zeolite composite. Introducing a non-reactive gas for a thermal treatment period to the carbon-zeolite composite maintained at a thermal treatment temperature forms the thermally-treated carbon-zeolite composite. Introducing an aqueous strong mineral acid mixture to the thermally-treated carbon-zeolite composite forms the methane microporous carbon adsorbent. The crystalline zeolite includes tri-ethanolamine (TEA) and has a shape that is orthogonal with a mid-edge length in a range of 8 m to 20 m.

A reactor for hydrothermal oxidation treatment of an organic material in a reaction medium, comprising: a confinement member housed in a chamber and defining a confinement zone and a peripheral zone; at least one inlet for an oxidising fluid into the peripheral zone; a first cooling system, with an external circulation cold loop having a fluid inlet and outlet, opening into a first portion of the peripheral zone; a heating system, with an external circulation hot loop having a fluid inlet and outlet opening into a second portion of the peripheral zone; a channel with a mouth, a channel stirring system; a second cooling system for creating a temperature gradient along the channel between a cold temperature and the reaction temperature; each circulation loop being equipped with a circulator and with a heat exchanger.

The present invention relates to an apparatus for the hydroconversion of heavy oil products (the fresh load). Said apparatus comprises: a slurry bubble column hydroconversion reactor, which comprises a feed line in which the fresh load and the recirculated slurry phase are conveyed, an inlet line for a hydrogenating stream and an outlet for a reaction effluent through an outlet nozzle; a stripping column at high pressure and high temperature placed downstream of the reactor and directly connected to the reactor head through a pipeline in which the reaction effluent flows; said column having an inlet line for a stripping gas, an inlet for the reactor effluent, a head outlet for steam and an outlet for the slurry phase; lines and means for recirculating the slurry leaving the stripping column; lines and means for taking a drain stream, which has the function of preventing the accumulation of solids in the reactor. The stripping column is characterized in that it contains one or more contact devices that allow physical contact to be created between different phases.

It is desirable to provide improved processes and apparatuses for methylation of aromatic compounds such as toluene and benzene in an aromatics complex. Described herein are processes and apparatuses for methylation of aromatics in an aromatics complex for producing a xylene isomer product. More specifically, processes and apparatuses for producing para-xylene by the selective methylation of toluene and/or benzene in an aromatics complex.

In a novel process for methanol production from low quality synthesis gas, in which relatively smaller adiabatic reactors can be operated more efficiently, some of the inherent disadvantages of adiabatic reactors for methanol production are avoided. This is done by controlling the outlet temperature in the pre-converter by rapid adjustment of the recycle gas, i.e. by manipulating the gas hourly space velocity in the pre-converter.