The invention comprises an apparatus and method of use thereof for generating a rare earth from a rare earth oxide, comprising the steps of: (1) dissociating the rare earth oxide and hydrogen gas in a reaction chamber by inductively heating the reaction chamber to greater than 2000 K to form the associated rare earth and water vapor in a reaction process; (2) driving the reaction process forward by removing the water vapor from the reaction chamber by condensing and freezing the water vapor on a first cold trap surface as water ice, where the reaction comprises: RE.sub.2O.sub.3+3H.sub.2.fwdarw.2RE+3H.sub.2O, where REO is a rare earth oxide and RE comprises a rare earth in the rare earth oxide; and/or (3) monitoring the reaction process by monitoring generation of at least one of the rare earth and the water in a control system designed for continuous/semi-continuous operation.

The invention relates to a process and system for the continuous polymerization of one or more -olefin monomers comprising the steps of: a) introducing catalyst and/or polymer from at least one loop reactor to at least one second reactor b) withdrawing fluids from the at least one second reactor c) cooling fluids comprising the withdrawn fluids with a cooling unit d) introducing the cooled fluids to a separator to separate at least part of the liquid from these fluids to form a liquid phase and a gas/liquid phase e) introducing the gas/liquid phase below to the reactor below a distribution plate f) introducing the liquid phase to a settling tank to separate liquid from fines that settle down in the settling tank g) introducing liquid from the settling tank upstream of the cooling unit, h) introducing the slurry comprising solid polymer particles from the settling tank to the at least one loop reactor.

A device and a method for producing high-purity nano molybdenum trioxide are provided. The device comprises a raw material bin (1), a feeding machine (2), a subliming furnace (7), a first vent tube (24), a second vent tube (25), a spraying device (23) and a filtering assembly. The sublimated molybdenum trioxide is cooled with clean and dehumidified air so as to finally obtain the nano molybdenum trioxide, and the recycling mode is reliable, pollution-free and high in efficiency.

The invention relates to a process and system for the continuous polymerization of one or more -olefin monomers comprising the steps of: a) introducing catalyst and/or polymer from at least one loop reactor to at least one second reactor b) withdrawing fluids from the at least one second reactor c) cooling fluids comprising the withdrawn fluids with a cooling unit d) introducing the cooled fluids to a separator to separate at least part of the liquid from these fluids to form a liquid phase and a gas/liquid phase e) introducing the gas/liquid phase below to the reactor below a distribution plate f) introducing the liquid phase to a settling tank to separate liquid from fines that settle down in the settling tank g) introducing liquid from the settling tank upstream of the cooling unit, h) introducing the slurry comprising solid polymer particles from the settling tank to the at least one loop reactor.

A method of temperature control includes: passing a feed stream comprising ethylene through a reactor at a feed location; withdrawing an outlet steam comprising linear alpha olefins from the reactor; passing the outlet stream through a condensate vessel, wherein the outlet stream is split into a vapor fraction and a liquid fraction within the condensate vessel; withdrawing the vapor fraction from the condensate vessel and recycling it back to the feed stream; and withdrawing the liquid fraction from the condensate vessel and injecting it into the reactor at an injection location.

The disclosure, in one aspect, relates to methods of preparing a CHA zeolite under ambient pressure conditions. In further aspects, the disclosure relates to methods such that a mother liquor can be isolated from a disclosed method, and recycled for use in a disclosed method for further preparation of a CHA zeolite. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure.

Methods comprising: evaporating a catalyst source to produce a catalyst gas; condensing the catalyst gas to produce a catalyst vapor comprising catalyst droplets suspended in a gas phase; and contacting the catalyst vapor with a hydrocarbon gas to catalyze a decomposition reaction of the hydrocarbon gas into hydrogen gas and carbon. And, systems comprising: a catalyst source evaporator that provides a first stream to a reactor; a hydrocarbon source that provides a second stream to the reactor; a cooling column coupled to the reactor via a third stream comprising hydrogen, catalyst liquid, solid carbon, optionally catalyst gas, and optionally unreacted hydrocarbon gas such that the cooling column receives the third stream from the reactor; and wherein the cooling column has effluent streams that include (a) a fourth stream that comprises hydrogen and optionally catalyst gas and (b) a fifth stream that comprises catalyst liquid.

Methods comprising: evaporating a catalyst source to produce a catalyst gas; condensing the catalyst gas to produce a catalyst vapor comprising catalyst droplets suspended in a gas phase; and contacting the catalyst vapor with a hydrocarbon gas to catalyze a decomposition reaction of the hydrocarbon gas into hydrogen gas and carbon. And, systems comprising: a catalyst source evaporator that provides a first stream to a reactor; a hydrocarbon source that provides a second stream to the reactor; a cooling column coupled to the reactor via a third stream comprising hydrogen, catalyst liquid, solid carbon, optionally catalyst gas, and optionally unreacted hydrocarbon gas such that the cooling column receives the third stream from the reactor; and wherein the cooling column has effluent streams that include (a) a fourth stream that comprises hydrogen and optionally catalyst gas and (b) a fifth stream that comprises catalyst liquid.

A method for separating a dissolved product from a liquid is disclosed. A carrier liquid is cooled in a direct-contact exchanger, the direct-contact exchanger using a liquid coolant to cool the carrier liquid. The carrier liquid comprises a dissolved product. The carrier liquid and the liquid coolant are substantially immiscible. A portion of the dissolved product is condensed, frozen, deposited, desublimated, or a combination thereof out of the carrier liquid as a solid product at a liquid-liquid interface between the liquid coolant and the carrier liquid. The solid product is entrained in the carrier liquid, the liquid coolant, or a combination thereof. The solid product is separated from the carrier liquid, the liquid coolant, or a combination thereof.

A method and system for rapidly preparing lithium carbonate or concentrated brine using high-temperature steam. The method comprises the steps of: feeding brine into a reactor, heating the brine with high-temperature steam above 200 C. while simultaneously discharging steam produced in the reactor, cooling and condensing the discharged steam in a condenser and collecting the condensate, and stopping the high-temperature steam after the brine is concentrated to a predetermined concentration or after a sufficient amount of lithium carbonate is collected. The system comprises: a reactor provided with a brine inlet, a steam outlet connected to a condenser, a product outlet, and a plurality of steam pipes. The method concerns the direct heating of brine using high-temperature steam, which is effective and efficient, and also produces fresh water. The heating is uniform and rapid, and does not require jackets, heat exchange tubes, mixers and vacuum pumps, vastly simplifying the system.