A fuel composition and fluid regulation apparatus are provided for an improved fuel composition and distribution. The fuel composition may include or relate to a fluid regulation apparatus, flow component, electronic controller, regulator covers, roller clip mechanism, filling head, feeder stem and distributor. A method to operate an improved fuel composition and/or fluid regulation apparatus is also provided.

Methods for determining the concentration of transition metal compounds in a solution containing more than one transition metal compound are described. Polymerization reactor systems providing real-time monitoring and control of the concentrations of the transition metal components of a multicomponent catalyst system are disclosed, as well as methods for operating such polymerization reactor systems and for improving methods of preparing the multicomponent catalyst system.

The system and method of automated determination of the optimal parameters' values of chemical technology system (CTS) functioning in real time mode. The technical result of CTS optimization consists in determining the optimal values of CTS parameters in real time mode on the basis of the current values of CTS functioning parameters and prediction of the values of CTS functioning parameters through a time interval. The result is achieved by supplementing CTS data array by using a mathematical model, including the thermodynamic process description. On the basis of the obtained data array, a mathematical model is formed, based on a statistical modeling or machine learning, which allows to determine the necessary parameters of CTS in real time mode and the values of CTS parameters through a time interval. Based on CTS description in real time mode and the prediction of CTS state through a time interval, the optimal values of CTS functioning parameters in real time mode are determined.

System and methods for plasma treatment of a fluidized bed of particles are disclosed. The systems include an energy coupling zone configured to generate a plasma from microwave radiation and an interface element configured to propagate the plasma from the energy coupling zone to a reaction zone. The reaction zone is configured to receive the plasma, receive a plurality of reactant particles in a fluidization plane direction from a fluidization assembly positioned below the reaction zone, and form a product in presence of the plasma. The fluidization plane is substantially perpendicular to the propagated plasma.

The invention relates to methods and apparatus of measuring real time temperature conditions within a reformer. The data is then used for process control optimization, overheat protection, and improved creep damage and fatigue life prediction.

A process includes periodically or continuously introducing an olefin monomer and periodically or continuously introducing a catalyst system or catalyst system components into a reaction mixture within a reaction system, oligomerizing the olefin monomer within the reaction mixture to form an oligomer product, and periodically or continuously discharging a reaction system effluent comprising the oligomer product from the reaction system. The reaction system includes a total reaction mixture volume and a heat exchanged portion of the reaction system comprising a heat exchanged reaction mixture volume and a total heat exchanged surface area providing indirect contact between the reaction mixture and a heat exchange medium. A ratio of the total heat exchanged surface area to the total reaction mixture volume within the reaction system is in a range from 0.75 in.sup.1 to 5 in.sup.1, and an oligomer product discharge rate from the reaction system is between 1.0 (lb)(hr.sup.1)(gal.sup.1) to 6.0 (lb)(hr.sup.1)(gal.sup.1).

Fluidized bed reactor apparatus, comprising a cylindrical reactor chamber (10), and a rotating shaft (14) equipped with radially extending fluidization units (16) disposed in the reactor chamber (10), said rotating shaft (14) being connected to a drive unit (42). The apparatus further comprising means for feeding fluidizing bed material into the reactor chamber (10), creating a fluidized bed (28) in the reactor chamber (10), means for feeding organic material that shall be processed into the fluidized bed (28) in the reactor chamber (10), and one or more outlets (22,24) for discharge of material, gases and vapors, wherein the process in the reactor chamber (10) is controlled by a control system (40) connected to at least the drive unit (42). The invention also relates to a method for processing organic material using a fluidized bed reactor apparatus.

Assemblies and methods to enhance control of a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) processing assembly associated with a refining operation, may include supplying a hydrocarbon feedstock to one or more first processing units associated with the refining operation. The assemblies and methods also may include conditioning a hydrocarbon feedstock and unit material samples, and analyzing the samples via one or more spectroscopic analyzers. The assemblies and methods further may include prescriptively controlling, via one or more FCC process controllers based at least in part on the hydrocarbon feedstock properties and the unit material properties, the FCC processing assembly, so that the prescriptively controlling results in enhancing accuracy of target content of materials produced by the FCC processing assembly, thereby to more responsively control the FCC processing assembly to achieve material outputs that more accurately and responsively converge on target properties.

The method can include receiving a baseline signal curve, operating a thermal reactor, measuring a signal, optionally determining a state (e.g., state of health) of the thermal reactor, and controlling the thermal reactor based on the signal. The method can include receiving (e.g., determining, measuring, etc.) a resistance-temperature and/or resistance-time curve; operating a thermal reactor comprising resistively heating a porous catalytic element; measuring an electrical signal (e.g., resistance, current, voltage, etc.) of the thermal reactor; optionally inferring a temperature of the thermal reactor based on the electrical signal and the resistance-temperature; and controlling the thermal reactor based on the electrical signal. The system can include one or more of a reaction module (e.g., an electrical coupler or electrode and catalytic element, etc.), inlet and outlet valves, power source, electrical feedthroughs (e.g., leads, supports, etc.), sensors, and computing system (e.g. controller).

A method of determining multimodal polyethylene quality comprising the steps of (a) providing a multimodal polyethylene resin sample; (b) determining, in any sequence, the following: that the multimodal polyethylene resin sample has a melt index within 30% of a target melt index; that the multimodal polyethylene resin sample has a density within 2.5% of a target density; that the multimodal polyethylene resin sample has a dynamic viscosity deviation (% MVD) from a target dynamic viscosity of less than about 100%; that the multimodal polyethylene resin sample has a weight average molecular weight (M.sub.w) deviation (% M.sub.wD) from a target M.sub.w of less than about 20%; and that the multimodal polyethylene resin sample has a gel permeation chromatography (GPC) curve profile deviation (% GPCD) from a target GPC curve profile of less than about 15%; and (c) responsive to step (b), designating the multimodal polyethylene resin sample as a high quality resin.