Present invention relates to a process and an installation (100) for the preparation of hydrogen cyanide by the Andrussow process, and more precisely for improving the conditions of mixing the reactant gases before feeding the Andrussow type reactor (60), in order to improve safety, to avoid any risk of explosion and to produce HCN in safe and efficient manner. The installation is configured in such a manner that oxygen is pre-mixed with air with a ratio comprised between 20.95% and 32.5% by volume, preferably between 25% and 30.5% by volume; methane containing gas and ammonia are simultaneously added in the pre-mixture of oxygen-enriched air in such a manner that the volumic ratio of methane to ammonia is comprised between 1.35 and 1.02 depending on the content of oxygen into air; said obtained reactant gases mixture having a temperature comprised between 80 C. and 120 C., preferably between 95 C. and 115 C. for feeding the Andrussow type reactor (60).

A waterless decarboxylation device used to decarboxylate cannabis is described. For example, the device could include a product container to contain an amount of raw cannabis plant material, a heating container configured to surround and contact the product container, a heater in contact with the heating container, a foam layer surrounding the product container and heating container, at least one sensor configured to detect the temperature of the heating container, a lid that encloses the product container and fluidly seals it from the environment, and a controller configured to control power to the heater in response to signals sent from the at least one sensor indicating whether the heating container has reached a threshold temperature.

A waterless decarboxylation device used to decarboxylate cannabis is described. For example, the device could include a product container to contain an amount of raw cannabis plant material, a heating container configured to surround and contact the product container, a heater in contact with the heating container, a foam layer surrounding the product container and heating container, at least one sensor configured to detect the temperature of the heating container, a lid that encloses the product container and fluidly seals it from the environment, and a controller configured to control power to the heater in response to signals sent from the at least one sensor indicating whether the heating container has reached a threshold temperature.

The present invention relates to a process for preparing di- and polyamines of the diphenylmethane series (MDA), a system for producing MDA and a process for operating a system for preparing MDA. The invention enables optimization of production standstills during operation of the MDA process with respect to time expenditure and optionally also with respect to energy and material consumption by means of a so-called recirculation mode for individual system components. During interruption of the process or interruption of the operation of individual system components, formaldehyde is not introduced into the reaction and the system components that are not affected by a revision, repair, or cleaning measure are operated in so-called recirculation mode. This enables, among other things, that only the affected system component can be put in standstill during the time period of the measure, which is advantageous in terms of productivity and economy of the process as well as in terms of the quality of the products produced.

A chemical plant or a petrochemical plant or a refinery may include one or more pieces of equipment that process one or more input chemicals to create one or more products. For example, catalytic dehydrogenation can be used to convert paraffins to the corresponding olefin. A delta temperature controller may determine and control differential temperature across the reactor, and use a delta temperature to control a set point for a heater temperature controller. By doing so, the plant may ramp up a catalytic dehydrogenation unit faster and ensure it does not coke up the catalyst and/or foul a screens too quickly. Catalyst activity may be taken into account and allow the plant to have better control over production and run length of the unit.

Devices and methods for controlling the properties of chemical species during time-dependent processes. A device includes a reactor for containing one or more chemical species of a time-dependent process, an extraction pump for automatically and continuously extracting an amount of the one or more chemical species from the reactor, one or more detectors for measuring property changes of the one or more extracted chemical species and generating a continuous stream of data related to the one or more property changes to the one or more chemical species during a time interval, and a process controller configured to fit the continuous stream of data to a mathematical function to predict one or more properties of the one or more chemical species at a future time point and make one or more process decisions based on the prediction of one or more properties at the future time point.

The invention relates to a method for an economically and technically improved embodiment of a production interruption in a production method for isocyanates by phosgenation of the corresponding amines, in which the entire production plant is not closed while one or more parts of the plant is taken out of operation, rather the input materials and/or reaction products available in the production plant are recirculated through at least one part of the plant that has not been taken out of operation. The invention further relates to a plant for producing isocyanates and to a method for operating a plant for producing isocyanates.

A system and a process for reducing greenhouse gas emissions are disclosed herein. The system may include a combustion zone, a catalytic converter, a methanation reactor, a compressor, a normal venting unit, a vacuum protection unit, and a control system. The process may include feeding a fuel, a methane-containing gas, and an oxygen-containing gas into a first reactor unit, and producing a combustion products stream comprising carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and water. The process may include cooling the combustion products stream via a cooling system, feeding the cooled exhaust stream and hydrogen to a second reactor unit. The second reactor unit may include a first catalyst for reacting oxygen with carbon monoxide to form carbon dioxide, and a second catalyst for reacting carbon dioxide with hydrogen to produce methane. The process may include recovering an effluent from the second reactor unit and feeding it to the first reactor unit.

A continuous high capacity system for converting hydrocarbon-containing post-consumer waste, post-industrial waste, and/or renewable hydrocarbon feedstock into biofuels having an extruder for agglomerating particles and pressurizing them, a shredder to shred the agglomerated particles, a heating system to rapidly heat the fine particulate, a separator that receives heated solids and prevents heated vapors from leaving the system, and a filter with solids separator that receives the heated vapor and further separates microfine solids from the heated vapor forming a substantially cleaned vapor. A vapor cooling system receives the substantially cleaned vapor and using controlled pressure and controlled temperature, cools the substantially cleaned vapor to at least one hydrocarbon liquid and a gas, forming a hydrocarbon liquid for transfer to another device and/or using the gas as a fuel.

Vapor delivery apparatus configured for generating a gaseous precursor from solid source precursor particles in a fluidized bed are disclosed. In addition, vapor phase reactors including a vapor delivery apparatus including a fluidized bed of solid precursor are also disclosed. Methods for monitoring and a controlling a vapor delivery system including a fluidized bed also disclosed.