The invention relates to a flow element for transferring fluids comprising a capillary cartridge (1) having an integrated capillary line (3). The capillary cartridge according to the invention (1) has a ring-shaped channel (8) and securing grooves (6, 6), wherein the flow element is characterized in that the capillary line (3) is arranged in the ring-shaped channel (8). The ends of the capillary lines (3) are connected to connection elements (9) in which securing grooves (6, 6) are secured in a positive locking manner. The flow elements according to the invention contribute toward improved manageability and effectiveness of components. In a preferred embodiment, the flow elements are used as a distribution system in the form of a plurality of capillary cartridges (1-1, 1-2, . . . ). Such distribution systems are of technical importance in the field of catalyst testing apparatuses with reactors arranged in parallel.

Arrays of droplet-on-demand dispensers are controlled by a row-column addressing scheme that can reduce the number of on-chip address lines, thereby making it feasible to construct large dispenser arrays. Decoders are used to further reduce the number of control lines that select a specific address line. A microfluidic logic controller includes row-select lines, each coupled to dispensers disposed on the same row, and column-select lines, each coupled to dispensers disposed on the same column such that each dispenser is associated with a unique row-column address. A logic circuit can actuate a dispenser only if the logic circuit receives signals from both of the row-select line and the column-select line corresponding to the row-column address of the selected dispenser. Reagents can be dispensed from the dispenser array, thereby allowing for rapid formatting of a reagent library into microfluidic droplets.

A reactor layout for a process of methanol production from low quality synthesis gas, in which relatively smaller adiabatic reactors can be operated more efficiently, some of the inherent disadvantages of adiabatic reactors for methanol production are avoided. This is done by controlling the outlet temperature in the pre-converter by rapid adjustment of the recycle gas, i.e. by manipulating the gas hourly space velocity in the pre-converter.

The invention provides a passive fluidics circuit for directing different fluids to a common volume, such as a reaction chamber or flow cell, without intermixing or cross contamination. The direction and rate of flow through junctions, nodes and passages of the fluidics circuit are controlled by the states of upstream valves (e.g. opened or closed), differential fluid pressures at circuit inlets or upstream reservoirs, flow path resistances, and the like. Free diffusion or leakage of fluids from unselected inlets into the common outlet or other inlets at junctions or nodes is prevented by the flow of the selected inlet fluid, a portion of which sweeps by the inlets of unselected fluids and exits the fluidics circuit by waste ports, thereby creating a barrier against undesired intermixing with the outlet flow through leakage or diffusion. The invention is particularly advantageous in apparatus for performing sensitive multistep reactions, such as pH-based DNA sequencing reactions.

Disclosed is a multi-channel peptide synthesizer, including a gas-bath thermotank, a plurality of reactor tubes, a motor, a rotating rack, a liquid-feeding tube, a feeding device, a vacuum tube and a nitrogen tube. The gas-bath thermotank body provides a desired constant temperature for reaction. The reactor tube provides a place for peptide synthesis and resin washing. The motor and the rotating rack are used to fully mix the reaction and cleaning solutions. Various liquid reagents required are fed to the reactor tube through the liquid-adding tube. Various materials required are prepared in advance in the feeding device and directly fed to the reactor tube. The reaction or washing solution in the reactor tube is pumped to a waste liquid tank through the vacuum tube. Nitrogen is introduced into each reactor tube through the nitrogen tube. This device can be applied in batch-wise peptide synthesis using solid-phase methods.

In a novel process for methanol production from low quality synthesis gas, in which relatively smaller adiabatic reactors can be operated more efficiently, some of the inherent disadvantages of adiabatic reactors for methanol production are avoided. This is done by controlling the outlet temperature in the pre-converter by rapid adjustment of the recycle gas, i.e. by manipulating the gas hourly space velocity in the pre-converter.

The present invention relates to a method for producing an ethylene-based copolymer, and more particularly, to a method for producing an ethylene-based copolymer capable of increasing process efficiency by preventing plugging and corrosion of a facility. The method for producing an ethylene-based copolymer includes a producing mode and a washing mode of which one is selectively performed. The producing mode includes: a) hyper-compressing primary compressed ethylene, and a mixture including a carboxylic acid-containing comonomer and a polar solvent to produce a compressed material; b) reacting the compressed material to produce a reaction product including an ethylene-based copolymer; and c) separating and recovering unreacted residues from the reaction product and introducing the unreacted residues into the mixture of step a). The washing mode includes: re-supplying the compressed material produced in step a) to step a) as a mixture, without performing step b).

An automatic preparation method of a fondaparinux sodium pentosaccharide intermediate is provided via an automatic preparation device. In the preparation method, the automatic preparation of three components (D+EF+GH) is realized through automatic sampling and monitoring, and a fully-protected fondaparinux sodium pentosaccharide intermediate (shown in formula I) is obtained. In this way, automatic synthesis of the fondaparinux sodium pentosaccharide intermediate is realized, which saves manpower and improves efficiency and productivity, and has high safety and reproducibility. The preparation method can be directly monitored online, which is convenient for optimizing and monitoring a real-time status of reactions. Furthermore, automatic temperature control can better meet the needs of the reactions for temperature rise and fall. The preparation method adopts a pre-activation one-pot mode, which reduces the number of separations and is easy to operate. Moreover, the method selects commonly-used ester protecting groups, has higher stereoselectivity and yield, and can use general-purpose deprotection measures.

The invention provides a passive fluidics circuit for directing different fluids to a common volume, such as a reaction chamber or flow cell, without intermixing or cross contamination. The direction and rate of flow through junctions, nodes and passages of the fluidics circuit are controlled by the states of upstream valves (e.g. opened or closed), differential fluid pressures at circuit inlets or upstream reservoirs, flow path resistances, and the like. Free diffusion or leakage of fluids from unselected inlets into the common outlet or other inlets at junctions or nodes is prevented by the flow of the selected inlet fluid, a portion of which sweeps by the inlets of unselected fluids and exits the fluidics circuit by waste ports, thereby creating a barrier against undesired intermixing with the outlet flow through leakage or diffusion. The invention is particularly advantageous in apparatus for performing sensitive multistep reactions, such as pH-based DNA sequencing reactions.

The invention provides a passive fluidics circuit for directing different fluids to a common volume, such as a reaction chamber or flow cell, without intermixing or cross contamination. The direction and rate of flow through junctions, nodes and passages of the fluidics circuit are controlled by the states of upstream valves (e.g. opened or closed), differential fluid pressures at circuit inlets or upstream reservoirs, flow path resistances, and the like. Free diffusion or leakage of fluids from unselected inlets into the common outlet or other inlets at junctions or nodes is prevented by the flow of the selected inlet fluid, a portion of which sweeps by the inlets of unselected fluids and exits the fluidics circuit by waste ports, thereby creating a barrier against undesired intermixing with the outlet flow through leakage or diffusion.