There is disclosed a microarray having base cleavable linkers and a process of making the microarray. The microarray has a solid surface with known locations, each having reactive hydroxyl groups. The density of the known locations is greater than approximately 100 locations per square centimeter. Optionally, oligomers are synthesized in situ onto the cleavable linkers and subsequently cleaved using a cleaving base. Optionally, the oligomers are cleaved and recovered as a pool of oligomers.

Polymers synthesized by solid-phase synthesis are selectively released from a solid support by reversing the bias of spatially addressable electrodes. Change in the current and voltage direction at one or more of the spatially addressable electrodes changes the ionic environment which triggers cleavage of linkers that leads to release of the attached polymers. The spatially addressable electrodes may be implemented as CMOS inverters embedded in an integrated circuit (IC). The IC may contain an array of many thousands of spatially addressable electrodes. Control circuitry may independently reverse the bias on any of the individual electrodes in the array. This provides fine-grained control of which polymers are released from the solid support. Examples of polymers that may be synthesized on this type of array include oligonucleotides and peptides.

There is disclosed a microarray having base cleavable linkers and a process of making the microarray. The microarray has a solid surface with known locations, each having reactive hydroxyl groups. The density of the known locations is greater than approximately 100 locations per square centimeter. Optionally, oligomers are synthesized in situ onto the cleavable linkers and subsequently cleaved using a cleaving base. Optionally, the oligomers are cleaved and recovered as a pool of oligomers.

A microfluidic device includes a plurality of reaction wells; and a plurality of solid supports, and each of the solid supports has a reagent attached thereto. The reagent is attached to the solid support via a labile reagent/support bond such that the reagent is configured to be cleaved from the support via a cleaving operation.

A method for serial and contemporaneous synthesis of disparate deoxy-ribonucleic acid (DNA) strands in an array of wells defined within a substrate. Each well in the array of wells contains a precursor nucleotide chain. A first subset of wells of the array of wells is designated not to receive a nucleotide of a specified nucleobase type and the first subset of wells is closed. A solution of a binding reaction enzyme and nucleotides of the specified nucleobase type bound with a corresponding chemical blocker is flowed over the array of wells. Nucleotides of the specified nucleobase type are received in each of a second subset of wells of the array of wells that are open and designated to receive the nucleotide of the specified nucleobase type. Received nucleotides of the specified nucleobase type are bound with assistance of the binding reaction enzyme to corresponding precursor nucleotide chains in the second subset of wells.

A microfluidic device includes a plurality of reaction wells; and a plurality of solid supports, and each of the solid supports has a reagent attached thereto. The reagent is attached to the solid support via a labile reagent/support bond such that the reagent is configured to be cleaved from the support via a cleaving operation.

Polymers synthesized by solid-phase synthesis are selectively released from a solid support by reversing the bias of spatially addressable electrodes. Change in the current and voltage direction at one or more of the spatially addressable electrodes changes the ionic environment which triggers cleavage of linkers that leads to release of the attached polymers. The spatially addressable electrodes may be implemented as CMOS inverters embedded in an integrated circuit (IC). The IC may contain an array of many thousands of spatially addressable electrodes. Control circuity may independently reverse the bias on any of the individual electrodes in the array. This provides fine-grained control of which polymers are released from the solid support. Examples of polymers that may be synthesized on this type of array include oligonucleotides and peptides.

A microfluidic device includes a plurality of reaction wells; and a plurality of solid supports, and each of the solid supports has a reagent attached thereto. The reagent is attached to the solid support via a labile reagent/support bond such that the reagent is configured to be cleaved from the support via a cleaving operation.

A fluorous-modified composition, a fluorous nucleoside, nucleotide, or oligonucleotide microarray, a compositional detection process, a process of forming a fluorous nucleoside, nucleotide, or oligonucleotide microarray, and fluorous nucleoside, nucleotide, or oligonucleotide microarray processes are disclosed. The fluorous-modified composition includes a linker, a nucleoside, nucleotide, or oligonucleotide connected to the linker, and a fluorous domain connected to the linker. The fluorous-modified composition includes at least one terminal perfluoroalkyl group in the fluorous domain, a solid-phase attachment group connected to the linker, or a combination thereof. The compositional detection process includes using the fluorous microarray for compositional detection. The processes of forming a fluorous microarray include transfer blotting the fluorous-modified composition to form a fluorous microarray and the spotting of reaction mixtures containing a fluorous-modified nucleoside, nucleotide, or oligonucleotide. The fluorous microarray includes a fluorous-modified conductive surface and fluorous nucleoside, nucleotide, or oligonucleotides positioned on the fluorous-modified surface. The fluorous microarray process includes using information corresponding to a compositional detection process.

Selectively controllable cleavable linkers include electrochemically-cleavable linkers, photolabile linkers, thermolabile linkers, chemically-labile linkers, and enzymatically-cleavable linkers. Selective cleavage of individual linkers may be controlled by changing local conditions. Local conditions may be changed by activating electrodes in proximity to the linkers, exposing the linkers to light, heating the linkers, or applying chemicals. Selective cleaving of enzymatically-cleavable linkers may be controlled by designing the sequences of different sets of the individual linkers to respond to different enzymes. Cleavable linkers may be used to attach polymers to a solid substrate. Selective cleavage of the linkers enables release of specific polymers from the solid substrate. Cleavable linkers may also be used to attach protecting groups to the ends of growing polymers. The protecting groups may be selectively removed by cleavage of the linkers to enable growth of specific polymers.