Methods and compositions are disclosed relating to the localization of nucleic acids to arrays such as silane-free arrays, and of sequencing the nucleic acids localized thereby.

There is disclosed an electrode array architecture employing continuous and discontinuous circumferential electrodes. There is further disclosed a process for the neutralization of acid generated at anode(s) by base generated at cathode(s) circumferentially located to each other so as to confine a region of pH change. The cathodes can be displayed as concentric rings (continuous) or as counter electrodes in a cross pattern (discontinuous). In this way reagents, such as acid, generated in a center electrode are countered (neutralized) by reagents, such as base, generated at the corners or at the outer ring.

According to various embodiments, a method is provided that comprises washing an array of DNA-coated beads on a substrate, with a wash solution to remove stacked beads from the substrate. The wash solution can include inert solid beads in a carrier. The DNA-coated beads can have an average diameter and the solid beads in the wash solution can have an average diameter that is at least twice the diameter of the DNA-coated beads. The washing can form dislodged DNA-coated beads and a monolayer of DNA-coated beads. In some embodiments, first beads for forming an array are contacted with a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) solution comprising a PEG having a molecular weight of about 350 Da or less. In some embodiments, slides for forming bead arrays are provided as are systems for imaging the same.

A multi-channel direct-deposit assembly method is disclosed to high-throughput synthesize three-dimensional macroporous/mesoporous (3DMM) material array with precisely controlled composition, pore size, and pore structure. The macropore size of the synthesized 3DMM material is in the range of 50-1000 nm; the mesopore size of the synthesized 3DMM material is in the range of 1-50 nm. The surface area of the 3DMM material is in the range of 20-1000 m.sup.2/g. The 3DMM material array can be used for rapid synthesis, screening and manufacture of catalysts and nanosensors.

The present invention relates to a method of designing DNA probe chip for room-temperature hybridization in order to solve the solvent evaporation problem occurring when carrying out said hybridization at a high temperature of 40 C.50 C. or higher, wherein the method is designed to allow genotyping through hybridizing at a room temperature of 20 C.30 C. The method of designing DNA probe chip comprises designing DNA probe to start at 10+5 position that is between 10 position which is overlapped 10 sequences with primer and +5 position which is 5 sequences far from the 3-terminal of primer, based on 0 position which is 3-terminal of primer.

There is disclosed a process for in vitro synthesis and assembly of long, gene-length polynucleotides based upon assembly of multiple shorter oligonucleotides synthesized in situ on a microarray platform. Specifically, there is disclosed a process for in situ synthesis of oligonucleotide fragments on a solid phase microarray platform and subsequent, on device assembly of larger polynucleotides composed of a plurality of shorter oligonucleotide fragments.

Provided are methods for performing patterned chemistry and arrays prepared thereby.

Various embodiments of a low-volume sequencing system are provided herein. The system can include a low-volume flowcell having at least one reaction chamber of a defined volume (e.g., less than about 100 l). The system can also include an automated reagent delivery mechanism configured to reversibly couple with the inlet port corresponding to a target reaction chamber thereby placing allowing for reagent to be accurately moved from a storage container to the reaction chamber with minimal reagent waste. The flowcells can include a plurality of reaction chambers (e.g., 6) thereby allowing for parallel analysis of multiple samples. Various methods of analyzing a biomolecule are also provided herein.

A substrate for biochips, in which carboxyl groups are immobilized on a substrate whose surface at least is composed of carbon; and a method for producing the substrate are disclosed. The substrate for biochips comprises a substrate whose surface at least is composed of carbon; and an acrylic polymer having free carboxyl groups in the molecular structure thereof, which acrylic polymer is immobilized on the surface of the substrate. The method for producing the substrate comprises irradiating the substrate whose surface at least is composed of carbon with ultraviolet light during the acrylic polymer having free carboxyl groups in the molecular structure thereof contacts the substrate.

According to various embodiments, a method is provided that comprises washing an array of DNA-coated beads on a substrate, with a wash solution to remove stacked beads from the substrate. The wash solution can include inert solid beads in a carrier. The DNA-coated beads can have an average diameter and the solid beads in the wash solution can have an average diameter that is at least twice the diameter of the DNA-coated beads. The washing can form dislodged DNA-coated beads and a monolayer of DNA-coated beads. In some embodiments, first beads for forming an array are contacted with a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) solution comprising a PEG having a molecular weight of about 350 Da or less. In some embodiments, slides for forming bead arrays are provided as are systems for imaging the same.