Methods and compositions are disclosed relating to the localization of nucleic acids to arrays such as silane-free arrays, and of sequencing the nucleic acids localized thereby.

A method of synthesizing an oligonucleotide using a nanofluidic device including a plurality of nanopore channels, a plurality of electrodes, and an electrolyte solution, includes coupling a primer to an inner wall of a nanopore channel of the plurality of nanopore channels, the primer having a protecting group. The method also includes applying a voltage to an electrode of the plurality of electrodes that corresponds to the nanopore channel to produce an acid from the electrolyte solution at the electrode. The electrode includes an anode and a cathode disposed at opposite sides of the nanopore channel. The method further includes the acid removing the protecting group from the primer. Moreover, the method includes coupling a nucleotide to the primer with the protecting group removed to form an intermediate product. In addition, the method includes repeating the steps on the intermediate product until the oligonucleotide is synthesized.

Provided herein are monoliths with attached recognition compounds which selectively bind ligands, methods of preparing such monoliths, arrays thereof and uses thereof. For example, monoliths provide herein can be used in columns and arrays thereof.

Disclosed herein are formulations, substrates, and arrays. Also disclosed herein are methods for manufacturing and using the formulations, substrates, and arrays. Also disclosed are methods for identifying peptide sequences useful for diagnosis and treatment of disorders, and methods for using the peptide sequences for diagnosis and treatment of disorders, e.g., celiac disorder. In certain embodiments, substrates and arrays comprise a porous layer for synthesis and attachment of polymers or biomolecules.

In a method of preparing a flow cell, a slot die coater is used to introduce a nanoparticle suspension at a continuous flow rate to a substrate surface including depressions separated by interstitial regions, which generates a layer of the nanoparticle suspension at a stable concentration across the substrate surface. During the introduction of the nanoparticle suspension, at least some functionalized nanoparticles within the layer respectively enter at least some of the depressions. An excess amount of the layer is removed from the interstitial regions.