A chemical synthesis platform based on a particularly simple chip is described herein, where reactions take place atop a hydrophobic substrate patterned with a circular hydrophilic liquid trap. The overall supporting hardware (heater, rotating carousel of reagent dispensers, etc.) can be packaged into a very compact format (about the size of a coffee cup). We demonstrate the consistent synthesis of [.sup.18F]fallypride with high yield, and show that protocols optimized using a high-throughput optimization platform we have developed can be readily translated to this device with no changes or reoptimization.

The present disclosure relates generally to devices and methods useful for generating high-density arrays of target features (e.g., beads) by a permanent magnet and a substrate comprising an array of trapping regions.

Disclosed herein include methods of specifying sites (e.g., sites for colony formation) on a surface (e.g., a planar surface) and generating a flow cell having the sites specified on a surface. Also disclosed are methods of performing sequencing (e.g., sequencing-by-synthesis and sequencing-by-binding) using the flow cell generated and processing (e.g., aligning, orienting, sorting, and assessing quality) images of the flow cell captured during sequencing.

Methods of producing substrates having selected active chemical regions by employing elements of the substrates in assisting the localization of active chemical groups in desired regions of the substrate. The methods may include optical, chemical and/or mechanical processes for the deposition, removal, activation and/or deactivation of chemical groups in selected regions of the substrate to provide selective active regions of the substrate.

This disclosure provides methods and devices for the label-free detection of target molecules of interest. The principles of the disclosure are particularly applicable to the detection of biological molecules (e.g., DNA, RNA, and protein) using standard SiO.sub.2-based microarray technology.

The present disclosure discloses simple and efficient glycan- or carbohydrate-based processes or methods for the rapid identification of biological markers and therapeutic targets especially glycan-related targets of infectious diseases, cancers, autoimmune diseases, allergies, inflammation, toxicity, obesity and/or other disorders of humans, animals, plants and other organisms. Therefore, novel methods and products for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of such diseases obtainable based on these therapeutic targets can be developed.

Systems, computer program products, and methods for using a flow cell array are provided herein. A computer program product includes a computer readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions executable by a device to cause the device to determine placement of multiple reaction site openings, wherein each reaction site opening is connected to a first sub-surface channel; connect the first sub-surface channel to two or more additional sub-surface channels by multiple vias; and provide a material for multiple reaction sites, wherein an overlap of the multiple reaction site openings and the material delineate the multiple reaction sites.

Provided herein are methods and systems for biochemical analysis, including compositions and methods for processing and analysis of small cell populations and biological samples (e.g., a robotically controlled chip-based nanodroplet platform). In particular aspects, the methods described herein can reduce total processing volumes from conventional volumes to nanoliter volumes within a single reactor vessel (e.g., within a single droplet reactor) while minimizing losses, such as due to sample evaporation.

A method of registering a location of a dispenser array in relation to a microfluidic array is provided. One of the dispenser array and the microfluidic array can be movable in relation to the frame, and the other can be fixed relative to the frame. Their relative positions can be identified by a set of coordinates. Identification of a fiducial marker can occur in a manner permitting the fiducial reference to appear in a first position of a field of view of a first camera when the dispenser array or the microfluidic array is in an alignment position. Quantities related to a vector displacement from the alignment position to a fixed position on the microfluidic array or the dispenser array can be identified. Quantities determined can be used to guide positioning of the dispenser array relative to the microfluidic array.

A method includes forming a patterned substrate including a plurality of base pads, using a nano-imprint lithography process. A capture substance is attached to each of the plurality of base pads, optionally through a linker, the capture substance being adapted to promote capture of a target molecule.