Provided herein are multiplexible particle systems and related methods of making and using the multiplexible particle systems. A plurality of monodisperse polymer particle populations are provided, wherein each population has a unique electrical parameter for multiplexed detection by flow through a spatially confined electric field, and the distribution of the electrical parameter within each population is sufficiently narrow for reliable multiplex detection. The density difference between populations may be relatively uniform, such as within 30%, including within 30% of a suspending solution density for when the particles are flowed through a confined electric field and detected in a multiplex manner by a change in the electric parameter measured by a counting device. Relatively uniform density of particles is important for ensuring minimal settling while the plurality of particle populations flow together under a single flow regime. The multiplexible particle systems are used in applications including multiplex detection or quantification, electrically barcoding, sorting, and counting.

The present invention provides microfabricated substrates and methods of conducting reactions within these substrates. The reactions occur in plugs transported in the flow of a carrier-fluid.

An array of membranes comprising amphipathic molecules is formed using an apparatus comprising a support defining an array of compartments. Volumes comprising polar medium are provided within respective compartments and a layer comprising apolar medium is provided extending across the openings with the volumes. Polar medium is flowed across the support to displace apolar medium and form a layer in contact with the volumes, forming membranes comprising amphipathic molecules at the interfaces. In one construction of the apparatus, the support that comprises partitions which comprise inner portions and outer portions. The inner portions define inner recesses without gaps therebetween that are capable of constraining the volumes comprising polar medium contained in neighbouring inner recesses from contacting each other. The outer portions extend outwardly from the inner portions and have gaps allowing the flow of an apolar medium across the substrate.

The present invention provides microfabricated substrates and methods of conducting reactions within these substrates. The reactions occur in plugs transported in the flow of a carrier-fluid.

There is disclosed an electrode array architecture employing continuous and discontinuous circumferential electrodes. There is further disclosed a process for the neutralization of acid generated at anode(s) by base generated at cathode(s) circumferentially located to each other so as to confine a region of pH change. The cathodes can be displayed as concentric rings (continuous) or as counter electrodes in a cross pattern (discontinuous). In this way reagents, such as acid, generated in a center electrode are countered (neutralized) by reagents, such as base, generated at the corners or at the outer ring.

The present invention provides microfabricated substrates and methods of conducting reactions within these substrates. The reactions occur in plugs transported in the flow of a carrier-fluid.

The present invention provides microfabricated substrates and methods of conducting reactions within these substrates. The reactions occur in plugs transported in the flow of a carrier-fluid.

The present invention provides microfabricated substrates and methods of conducting reactions within these substrates. The reactions occur in plugs transported in the flow of a carrier-fluid.

There is disclosed an electrode array architecture employing continuous and discontinuous circumferential electrodes. There is further disclosed a process for the neutralization of acid generated at anode(s) by base generated at cathode(s) circumferentially located to each other so as to confine a region of pH change. The cathodes can be displayed as concentric rings (continuous) or as counter electrodes in a cross pattern (discontinuous). In this way reagents, such as acid, generated in a center electrode are countered (neutralized) by reagents, such as base, generated at the corners or at the outer ring.

A method for producing a nucleic acid array which includes (a) a step of forming a layer (a PAG layer) made of a resin composition containing a photoacid generator (PAG) for generating an acid as a result of being exposed to light on a solid phase which has a molecule immobilized thereon and having a functional group protected by an acid-decomposable protective group; (b) a step of exposing a desired position of the PAG layer to light; (c) a step of removing the PAG layer which has been exposed to light; and (d) a step of bringing the solid phase from which the PAG layer has been removed into contact with a nucleotide derivative having an acid-decomposable protective group is provided.