The present invention relates to novel microporous zirconium silicate compositions that are formulated to remove toxins, e.g. potassium ions, from the gastrointestinal tract at an elevated rate without causing undesirable side effects. The preferred formulations are designed avoid increase in pH of urine in patients and/or avoid potential entry of particles into the bloodstream of the patient. Also disclosed is a method for preparing high purity crystals of UZSi-9 exhibiting an enhanced level of potassium exchange capacity. These compositions are particularly useful in the therapeutic treatment of hyperkalemia.

Described herein are method for conducting sonochemical reactions and processes in a liquid. The liquid is passed through a device that generates a liquid jet containing cavitation bubbles and collides the liquid jet with an impact body or other liquid jet to force the collapse of the cavitation bubbles at a select compressive stagnation pressure. The compressive stagnation pressure of the liquid is between 50 and 99 percent of the static pressure of the liquid upon entry of a constriction that generates the liquid jet containing cavitation bubbles.

The invention relates to a process a system and a high pressure pump for the preparation of a copolymer of ethylene and a di- or higher functional (meth)acrylate in a tubular reactor, comprising the steps of: injecting ethylene at a pressure of 100 MPa to 350 MPa into the reactor from a high pressure compressor and injecting the (meth)acrylate at a pressure of 100 MPa to 350 MPa into the reactor from a high pressure pump, wherein the high pressure pump comprisesa pump suction chamber for receiving a medium to be compressed; a cylinder for receiving the medium to be compressed from the pump suction chamber; an outlet for discharging a compressed medium from the cylinder, a seal fixed to the inner wall of the cylinder at an end of the cylinder distal to the outlet anda plunger movable in the cylinder by sliding through the seal, wherein a leakage gap is present along the plunger and the leakage gap is fluidly connected to the pump suction chamber.

In order to suppress discharge of an unreacted content in a chemical reaction apparatus for irradiating a content with microwaves, a chemical reaction apparatus includes: a horizontal flow-type reactor in which a liquid content horizontally flows with an unfilled space being provided thereabove; a microwave generator that generates microwaves; and a waveguide that transmits the microwaves generated by the microwave generator to the unfilled space in the reactor, wherein the inside of the reactor is partitioned into multiple chambers to by overflow-type partition plates and that allow the content to flow thereover and an underflow-type partition plate that allows the content to flow thereunder.

The present invention relates to novel calcium-containing microporous zirconium silicate compositions that are formulated to remove toxins, e.g. potassium ions, from the gastrointestinal tract at an elevated rate without removing calcium from the patient's body. Also disclosed are methods of using calcium-free or low calcium microporous zirconium silicate compositions for the treatment of hyperkalemia in patients also suffering from hypercalcemia.

The present disclosure is directed to the upgrading of heavy hydrocarbon feedstock. The systems of the present disclosure provides for improved reactor geometries to create more efficient processing and upgrading of the feedstocks. The reactor geometry may be varied by the addition of periodic bumps on the reactor walls and/or by the tapering of the diameter of the upflow reactor.

Described herein are method for conducting sonochemical reactions and processes in a liquid. The liquid is passed through a device that generates a liquid jet containing cavitation bubbles and collides the liquid jet with an impact body or other liquid jet to force the collapse of the cavitation bubbles at a select compressive stagnation pressure. The compressive stagnation pressure of the liquid is between 50 and 99 percent of the static pressure of the liquid upon entry of a constriction that generates the liquid jet containing cavitation bubbles.

Described herein are method for conducting sonochemical reactions and processes in a liquid. The liquid is passed through a device that generates a liquid jet containing cavitation bubbles and collides the liquid jet with an impact body or other liquid jet to force the collapse of the cavitation bubbles at a select compressive stagnation pressure. The compressive stagnation pressure of the liquid is between 50 and 99 percent of the static pressure of the liquid upon entry of a constriction that generates the liquid jet containing cavitation bubbles.

This disclosure describes an improved heat transfer system for use in reaction vessels used in chemical and biological processes. In one embodiment, a heat transfer baffle comprising two sub-assemblies adjoined to one another is provided.

In a reactor comprising a cylindrical combustion chamber, at least one burner and a circular array of catalyst-containing tubes, there is provided a ring baffle on the wall opposite the burner(s) extending into the combustion chamber which redirects combustion gas around the combustion chamber, thereby enabling more even heat distribution and an increase in overall heat transfer.