The present invention relates to the field of gas/liquid reactors permitting the oligomerization of olefins to give linear olefins by homogeneous catalysis, comprising a reaction chamber and vertical internal means of compartmentalization.

Methods and apparatus for compact and easily maintainable waste reformation. Some embodiments include a rotary oven reformer adapted and configured to provide synthesis gas from organic waste. Some embodiments include a rotary oven with simplified operation both as to reformation of the waste, usage of the synthesized gas and other products, and easy removal of the finished waste products, preferably in a unit of compact size for use in austere settings. Yet other embodiments include Fischer-Tropsch reactors of synthesized gas. Some of these reactors include heat exchanging assemblies that provide self-cleaning effects, efficient utilization of waste heat, and ease of cleaning.

A chemical vessel utilizing induction heating elements and useful for preparing polyamides, such as nylon. The vessel can utilize an array of induction heating elements located inside a process chamber. Also described are a vessel, a heat exchanger, a process, and an apparatus useful for polyamide preparation.

Current chemical batch processing technology is based on batch reactors, which typically consist of a vessel, in which reactants are processed. The batch reactor comprises a reactor vessel having at least one first thermal transfer element; a removable top cover for sealing the reactor vessel; a baffle component having at least one second thermal transfer element; and an agitator component, wherein each of the at least one first thermal transfer element and the at least one second thermal transfer element is independently controllable, and wherein the batch reactor comprises a thermal transfer surface-to-volume ratio of at least 6:1. This increases the thermal transfer potential and the thermal energy transfer efficiency of the batch reactor, thereby to increase production speed and throughput.

This disclosure describes an improved heat transfer system for use in reaction vessels used in chemical and biological processes. In one embodiment, a heat transfer baffle comprising two sub-assemblies adjoined to one another is provided.

The present invention relates to novel microporous zirconium silicate compositions that are formulated to remove toxins, e.g. potassium ions, from the gastrointestinal tract at an elevated rate without causing undesirable side effects. The preferred formulations are designed avoid increase in pH of urine in patients and/or avoid potential entry of particles into the bloodstream of the patient. Also disclosed is a method for preparing high purity crystals of UZSi-9 exhibiting an enhanced level of potassium exchange capacity. These compositions are particularly useful in the therapeutic treatment of hyperkalemia.

Methods for forming melt processable, actinic radiation polymerizable and crosslinkable adhesives are described. In certain versions, the adhesives or pre-adhesive compositions include two initiators and are polymerized and/or crosslinked by exposure to actinic radiation such as UV light or electron beam radiation. Also described are pre-adhesive compositions including polymerizable monomers, articles including the adhesives, and various methods and systems related to the adhesives and their application. In addition, various apparatuses are described for polymerizing or crosslinking the compositions.

Disclosed herein is a method for continuously preparing crystalline cannabinoid particles. The method includes preparing a cannabinoid-rich solution that comprises a first cannabinoid and inducing the cannabinoid-rich solution to a supersaturated state in which the first cannabinoid has a supersaturated concentration that is greater than a corresponding saturation concentration of the first cannabinoid. The method includes flowing the cannabinoid-rich solution into a continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) in a continuous manner, mixing the cannabinoid-rich solution under turbulent mixing conditions to form a plurality of crystalline cannabinoid particles and a cannabinoid-depleted solution within the CSTR, and discharging the plurality of crystalline cannabinoid particles and the cannabinoid-depleted solution from the CSTR in a continuous manner to provide a flow rate through the CSTR. The method includes separating crystalline cannabinoid particles from the plurality of crystalline cannabinoid particles and the cannabinoid-depleted solution in a continuous manner.

A planar flow reactor includes a straight planar process channel, a flow generator, and a plurality of static mixing elements disposed within the process channel. The flow generator is configured to generate a pulsatile flow within the process channel, and the static mixing elements are configured to locally split and recombine the flow. The straight planar process channel enables the generation of a flow pattern that is largely independent of the width of the process channel, meaning that the throughput may be increased by increasing the width without significantly affecting the residence time distribution or the flow behavior. Furthermore, by creating a pulsatile flow within the process channel, turbulence and/or chaotic fluid flows may be generated even at low net flow rates, i.e. low net Reynolds numbers.

Methods and apparatus for compact and easily maintainable waste reformation. Some embodiments include a rotary oven reformer adapted and configured to provide synthesis gas from organic waste. Some embodiments include a rotary oven with simplified operation both as to reformation of the waste, usage of the synthesized gas and other products, and easy removal of the finished waste products, preferably in a unit of compact size for use in austere settings. Yet other embodiments include Fischer-Tropsch reactors of synthesized gas. Some of these reactors include heat exchanging assemblies that provide self-cleaning effects, efficient utilization of waste heat, and ease of cleaning.