Process for reclaiming useful products from a waste oil, comprising a thermal separation step performed in a vessel at conditions, of temperature and pressure, allowing to substantially avoid cracking of the waste oil and to assure the separation of said heated waste oil into a first heavy oil fraction and into a second light oil fraction having, in comparison with the waste oil, a low content in solids and/or in other contaminants that are different from water and from inert gas. The process is further characterized in that while, during the thermal separation treatment, the waste oil is heated to a temperature about the boiling temperature of the heavy oil fraction, and below the cracking temperature of the waste oil, and at a pressure that is preferably below the atmospheric pressure, the heavy oil fraction of the vapours existing the vessel, in contact with a cooler surface, condenses and falls back into the vessel, while the second fraction, in a gaseous state, is eventually submitted to at least one further separation treatment. When water is present in the waste oil, said water is used to improve the amount of recovered light oils; and/or when no water is present in the waste oil, water or at least one inert gas or at least one component that may become an inert gas by heating may be added to the waste oil or to the thermal separation unit. Uses of the process for environmental applications and for treating used oils and to prepare oil products. Systems for reclaiming useful products from waste oils comprising at least one rotating kiln and at least one self-refluxing condenser and/or at least one dephlegmator.

Systems and methods for molten media pyrolysis for the conversion of methane into hydrogen and carbon-containing particles are disclosed. The systems and methods include the introduction of seed particles into the molten media to facilitate the growth of larger, more manageable carbon-containing particles. Additionally or alternatively, the systems and methods can include increasing the residence time of carbon-containing particles within the molten media to facilitate the growth of larger carbon-containing particles.

Provided are a device for continuously producing poly(arylene sulfide) (hereinafter, referred to as PAS) and a method for continuous PAS production with which resource savings, energy savings, and a reduction in equipment cost are rendered possible. The device for continuous PAS production according to the present invention includes a housing chamber for housing a plurality of reaction cells; wherein the housing chamber is supplied with at least an organic amide solvent, a sulfur source, and a dihalo aromatic compound. In the reaction cells, the sulfur source is polymerized with the dihalo aromatic compound in the organic amide solvent to form a reaction mixture. The reaction cells communicate with each other through a gas phase within the housing chamber. The reaction cells are sequentially connected, and the reaction mixture sequentially moves to each reaction cell.

A method of converting cellulosic feedstock to bio coal. The cellulosic feedstock in a carrier of process fluid is introduced within a conduit having substantially linear portions connected by curved portions creating a serpentine structure. The substantially linear portions are surrounded by tubular sleeves creating annular spaces between the tubular sleeves and substantially linear portions for carrying a high temperature fluid for transferring thermal energy to the cellulosic feedstock and process fluid. The cellulosic feedstock is maintained in an oxygen-free environment. The method is continuous as the cellulosic feedstock in process fluid is subjected to a plurality of mixing elements characterized as having no edges perpendicular to the longitudinal axes of the plurality of substantially linear segments and which are sized and positioned within the plurality of substantially linear segments such no mixing elements are in contact with one another resulting in an open region of travel for fluids passing from the conduit inlet to conduit outlet.

Sono-chemical reactors and methods of using the same are provided. The sono-chemical reactors may include a plurality of sections that are sequentially connected along a longitudinal direction of the sono-chemical reactor. The plurality of sections may include a sono-reactor section that includes a reactant inlet through which reactants are supplied into the sono-reactor section and a static mixer section that is configured to receive a first reactant/product mixture from the sono-reactor section and is configured mix the first reactant/product mixture therein for reaction between unreacted reactants. An inner space of the sono-reactor section may taper along the longitudinal direction of the chemical reactor away from the reactant inlet. The plurality of sections may also include a product separation section that is configured to receive a second reactant/product mixture from the static mixer section and is configured to separate a product from the second reactant/product mixture.

The invention relates to an apparatus (1) for producing pseudoionone and hydroxy pseudoionone. It suggests an apparatus (1) comprising first and second substantially vertically oriented reactor chambers oriented such that components flow through the first and second reactor chambers in different directions, wherein the first reactor chamber (13) is configured to receive a first component feed (C1) containing a first aqueous mixture through an inlet (15), and to produce a second aqueous mixture, and wherein the apparatus (1) comprises a mixing device (17) positioned downstream of the first component feed inlet (15) and configured to add a second component feed (C2) to the first component feed (C1) when the second aqueous mixture has formed, and the second reactor chamber (23) is configured to receive the first and second component feeds unified in the mixing device (17) from the first reactor chamber (13) and to produce a third aqueous mixture from the first and second aqueous mixtures. The invention further suggests a method and a use for producing pseudoionone and hydroxy pseudoionone.

A method for producing biomass derived liquid, comprises: feeding biomass, a solvent and a catalyst into a batch reactor, and heating and mixing in the batch reactor a compound comprising the biomass, solvent, and catalyst. The solvent is glycerol and wherein feeding the solvent into the batch reactor is performed through electrostatic atomization.

A contact chamber in which a bed of fluid treatment media is fully fluidized by using a fluidizer. The fluidizer may be, for example, an internal or external eductor that acts as a pump for a media and fluid mixture to boost fluid flow and generate recirculation that keeps the media suspended in the fluid or an arrangement of nozzles, mixing blades, pumps, baffles, or irregular cross-sectional shapes (or combinations of any of these) to promote fully fluidizing the media in the chamber and causing the media to recirculate within the chamber.

A reactor and its internals used for the thermal processing of a liquid mixture. The reactor comprises plates and at least part of the surface of said plates is used to perform the thermal processing. The reactor and its internals are used for the thermal processing of various liquid mixtures containing organic compounds. The processes, for thermal processing the mixture comprising organic compounds, comprising the steps of feeding the reactor and its internals and being useful for treating wastes oils and/or for destroying hazardous and/or toxic products; and/or for reusing waste products in an environmentally acceptable form and/or way, and/or for cleaning contaminated soils or beaches, and/or cleaning tar pits, and/or use in coal-oil co-processing, and/or recovering oil from oil spills, and/or PCB free transformed oils. A process for fabricating the reactor and its internals is also proposed.

A reaction apparatus used for a continuous reaction process for the preparation of trifluoroethane includes a housing, a rotary cutting component, a submersible pump and a flow deflector. The flow deflector includes two sets of flow-deflecting plates, each set of said flow-deflecting plates including a plurality of flow-deflecting plates. Two sets of flow-deflecting plates are fixed to each of the two opposing side walls, and the two adjacent flow-deflecting plates are in offset alignment. The submersible pump is arranged inside the reaction chamber body. A liquid inlet line can connect a directly to the submersible pump without requiring the arrangement of an additional pipeline.