The present invention is related to a two-step carboxylation reaction of an aryl group using continuous flow reaction conditions. This process permits large scale synthesis of useful reaction products in high yield.

Disclosed is a device for automated synthesis of homogenous slurry of metal nanoparticles operating under redox controlled conditions by wet chemical reaction method. Device comprises a three-layer reactor unit, multi-feed covering unit, an electric stirring unit system and ground fixing foundation unit.

A hydrocarbon is produced by applying mechanical energy to a metal body containing stainless steel by solid-solid contact so that a contact pressure per unit area is 30 kPa or more, in the presence of a gas containing carbon dioxide and a hydrogen source, thereby adding hydrogen to carbon dioxide. Further, a hydrocarbon is produced by providing a reaction vessel for applying mechanical energy to a metal body by solid-solid contact in the presence of a gas containing carbon dioxide and a hydrogen source, a gas introduction unit for introducing the gas containing carbon dioxide to the reaction vessel, a hydrogen source introduction unit for introducing the hydrogen source to the reaction vessel, and a gas discharge unit for discharging a gas containing the hydrocarbon produced in the reaction vessel, and adding hydrogen to the carbon dioxide in the reaction vessel.

The invention relates to a thermal conversion vessel (200) used during amidification step of acetone cyanohydrin (ACH), in the industrial process for production of a methyl methacrylate (MMA) or methacrylic acid (MAA). The thermal conversion vessel (200) is used for converting an hydrolysis mixture of -hydroxyisobutyramide (HIBAM), -sulfatoisobutyramide (SIBAM), 2-methacrylamide (MACRYDE) and methacrylique acid (MAA), into a mixture of 2-methacrylamide (MACRYDE). at least one compartment (C1, C2, C3, . . . Ci) comprising an inner wall (206a, 206b, . . . 206i) separating said compartment into two communicating parts (C1a, C1b) by a passage provided between the bottom of said vessel and said inner wall, said compartment having a space above said inner wall, for separating gas phase from liquid phase during thermal conversion, said compartment being connected to an outlet valve (204a, 204b, . . . 204i). Such vessel allows obtaining a high yield thermal conversion in very safe conditions.

The present invention concerns a method for preparing tetrafluoropropene utilising three reactors and comprising the steps of (a) implementing, in the first and second reactors, at least one step of reacting, in the gas phase, a compound B in the presence of hydrofluoric acid and a catalyst, in alternation with a step of regenerating the catalyst by bringing it into contact with a regeneration flow comprising an oxidising agent, (b) implementing, in the third reactor, a preliminary step of producing the compound B, in alternation with a step of regenerating the preliminary catalyst with a regeneration flow comprising an oxidising agent. The step of regenerating the preliminary catalyst in the third reactor is implemented in the absence of a step of reacting the compound B in the presence of hydrofluoric acid in said first and second reactors. The present invention also concerns a facility configured to implement the present method.

The present invention discloses a hydrogen sulfide reactor vessel with an external heating system that is conductively and removably attached to an exterior portion of the reactor vessel. Also disclosed are processes for producing hydrogen sulfide utilizing the reactor vessel.

Processes and plants for the production of purified urea solution are described. In a described urea production process, urea is produced in a synthesis section without a high pressure stripper and the urea solution is subjected to purification after the recovery section, to give purified urea solution and off-gas. The purification comprises e.g. steam stripping.

The invention relates generally to heaters and methods of using the heaters. In certain embodiments, a heater includes a pressure shell having a cylindrical heating cavity, an annular heat shield disposed within the cylindrical heating cavity, and at least one heating element disposed within an interior volume of the annular heat shield. In another embodiment, a method of preparing a trichlorosilane includes introducing a reactant stream comprising silicon tetrachloride into a heater, passing electrical current through a heating element to heat the reactant stream, and introducing the heated reactant stream into a reactor.

The invention relates to an hydrolysis vessel (200) used during amidification step of acetone cyanohydrin (ACH), in the industrial process for production of a methyl methacrylate (MMA) or methacrylic acid (MAA). The hydrolysis vessel (200) is used for hydrolyzing acetone cyanohydrine with sulfuric acid to produce a mixture comprising -sulfatoisobutyramide (SIBAM). It comprises at least one cooling system (212; 244) on its internal annular periphery area and it is divided into at least two stages, preferably three, along its vertical wall, each stage (S1 to S3) comprising a ACH feeding inlet (201, 202, 203). Such vessel allows controlling both homogeneity and temperature of the mixture, and thus obtaining a high yield for the hydrolyzing reaction in very safe conditions.

The present invention is related to a two-step carboxylation reaction of an aryl group using continuous flow reaction conditions. This process permits large scale synthesis of useful reaction products in high yield.