Disclosed herein are methods and systems to produce ammonia from nitrogen and water. In an embodiment, a method of producing ammonia involves contacting nitrogen, water, and at least one superparamagnetic catalyst to form a mixture, and exposing the mixture to a fluctuating magnetic field. In some embodiments, the superparamagnetic catalyst is BVO.sub.2FeO.sub.2.

Disclosed herein are methods and systems to isolate nitrogen from a mixture of gases. In an embodiment, a method of isolating nitrogen from a gaseous mixture involves contacting the gaseous mixture with a superparamagnetic catalyst to form a reaction mixture, and exposing the reaction mixture to a fluctuating magnetic field at ambient conditions.

The present disclosure generally relates to processes, apparatuses and custom catalysts designed to depolymerize a polymer. In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a de-polymerizing apparatus, catalysts and reaction schemes to obtain useful monomers including fuel products by in situ reactions using coupled electromagnetic induction.

An inductive magnetoelectric biochemical reaction system includes a reaction unit which includes a reaction chamber, which includes a reactant container and is disposed in a rotatable perpendicular magnetic field; a primary coil, which is wound around one side of a closed-loop iron core and is connected to a control unit; a secondary coil, which is wound around the other side of the closed-loop iron core and includes an insulating tube which allows a reaction solution acting as a conductor, two ends of the insulating tube being communicated with the reactant container; a rotating magnetic field unit, which is configured to generate the rotatable perpendicular magnetic field; and a control unit, which is at least configured to adjust an excitation voltage and a signal type applied on the primary coil.

Methods and apparatus are disclosed for generating an electromagnetic field inside a reactor to trigger an exothermic reaction. The design and implementation of the electromagnetics are based on the requirements of a particular exothermic reaction or reactor. For example, the triggering mechanism of a particular exothermic reaction or reactor may require a magnetic field with a specific magnitude, polarity, and/or orientation.

A method of producing methanol using a membrane gas absorption unit and at least one reactor. To produce methanol, a membrane gas absorption unit and a reactor are provided, each membrane gas absorption unit having a plurality of membranes, and each reactor having at least one section having a flocculator producing a pulsated magnetic field. The membrane gas absorption unit is first used to capture CO2 from a desired source. The captured CO2 is then supplied in a liquid form to the reactor. A hydrogen is supplied to the same reactor, and both captured CO2 and the hydrogen are then subjected to the pulsated magnetic field within the reactor to obtain a mixture of water and methanol. Finally, the water is distilled from the methanol to obtain pure methanol.

An improved system for generating graphene involves a liquid reaction chamber configured to receive a working liquid source, a carbon atom source, and a catalyst to cause a chemical reaction in the reaction chamber and a resulting reactant liquid comprising ring structures having starved carbon atoms. The ring structures are provided to a graphene generation chamber having a magnetic structure that includes a two-dimensional array of alternating polarity magnetic sources that produce a magnetic field having a gradient sufficient to float graphene over the magnetic structure. The graphene generation chamber generates graphene from said ring structures over the magnetic structure such that the graphene floats over the magnetic structure due to said graphene being diamagnetic. The rate at which the ring structures are produced is controlled to control the rate of graphene generation. The magnetic field of the magnetic structure can be controlled to control the rate at which the generated graphene moves through the graphene generation chamber until it exits as a recovered graphene product.

Methods and apparatus are disclosed for generating an electromagnetic field inside a reactor to trigger an exothermic reaction. The design and implementation of the electromagnetics are based on the requirements of a particular exothermic reaction or reactor. For example, the triggering mechanism of a particular exothermic reaction or reactor may require a magnetic field with a specific magnitude, polarity, and/or orientation.

Disclosed are a liquid ion generator and a method of preparing an ion-metal complex using the same. More particularly, the ion generator includes a chamber; an electromagnetic field generator for forming an electric field or a magnetic field in the chamber; and a power source for supplying power to the electromagnetic field generator.