The invention relates to a process for producing superabsorbent polymer particles, comprising polymerization of a monomer solution, wherein the monomer solution comprises partly neutralized acrylic acid formed by continuous mixing of acrylic acid and an aqueous solution of a base, the apparatus for preparing the partly neutralized acrylic acid comprises a vessel (B), and the feed line to vessel (B) ends inside vessel (B) below the liquid Level of the partly neutralized acrylic acid.

A reactor for performing a gas/liquid biphasic high-pressure reaction with a foaming medium, comprising an interior formed by a cylindrical, vertically oriented elongate shell, a bottom and a cap, wherein the interior is divided by internals into a backmixed zone and a zone of limited backmixing, wherein the backmixed zone and the zone of limited backmixing are consecutively traversable by the reaction mixture, wherein the backmixed zone comprises means for introducing gas and liquid and a gas outlet and also comprises at least one mixing apparatus selected from a stirrer, a jet nozzle and means for injecting the gas, and the zone of limited backmixing comprises a reaction product outlet, a first cylindrical internal element which in the interior extends in the longitudinal direction of the reactor and which delimits the zone of limited backmixing from the backmixed zone, backmixing-preventing second internal elements in the form of random packings, structured packings or liquid-permeable trays arranged in the zone of limited backmixing and a riser tube whose lower end is arranged within the backmixed zone and whose upper end opens into the zone of limited backmixing so that liquid from the backmixed zone can ascend into the zone of limited backmixing via the riser tube, wherein flow into the zone of limited backmixing enters from below. The reactor is configured such that the high-pressure reaction space is optimally utilized and contamination of workup steps or subsequent reactions arranged downstream of the high-pressure reaction with foam is substantially avoided. The invention further relates to a process for performing a continuous gas/liquid biphasic high-pressure reaction in the reactor.

Radial or axial-radial flow catalytic chemical reactor comprising a cylindrical shell and at least one catalytic bed and comprising a plurality of perforated tubes, said tubes having an open end communicating with an inlet of a gaseous flow of reagents in the reactor, said tubes being provided with a plurality of holes on their side surface, said tubes being arranged around the catalytic bed so as to form an outer wall which bounds the catalytic bed and which distributes the reagents inside said bed; each of said tubes being formed by means of longitudinal or helical butt welding of a perforated strip.

A method of producing hydrogen in a plant for hydrogen production during combustion of a mixture of hydrocarbon feedstock with an oxidizer with an oxidant excess ratio of less than 1. The method is characterized in that the combustion process is carried out at a temperature of less than 1400 K inside several cavities, completely or partially formed by a material permeable to a mixture of hydrocarbon feedstock with an oxidant.

Systems and methods for preparing and dispersing dry powders are disclosed herein. The system includes a powder feeder, a rotating holder or disc configured to receive an input powder from the powder feeder, and one or more ultrasonic transducers. The ultrasonic transducer is configured to create standing waves, which suspend the input powder within a space above the rotating holder disc for collection and subsequent processing and/or use. Also disclosed herein is an adapter configured to fit existing off-the-shelf powder dispensers that includes an ultrasonic transducer configured to suspend an input powder in midair for collection.

A process for polymerizing olefin monomer(s) in a gas-solids olefin polymerization reactor comprising a top zone; a middle zone, which comprises a top end in direct contact with said top zone and which is located below said top zone, the middle zone having a generally cylindrical shape; and a bottom zone, which is in direct contact with a bottom end of the middle zone and which is located below the middle zone; comprising the following steps: introducing a fluidization gas stream into the bottom zone; polymerizing olefin monomer(s) in the presence of a polymerization catalyst in a dense phase formed by particles of a polymer of the olefin monomer(s) suspended in an upwards flowing stream of the fluidization gas in the middle zone; introducing a jet gas stream through one or more jet gas feeding ports in a jet gas feeding area of the middle zone at the dense phase in the middle zone of the gas-solids olefin polymerization reactor; wherein the kinetic energy (E.sub.JG) input in the reactor by the jet stream is between 1.5 and 50 times higher than the kinetic energy (E.sub.FG) input in the reactor by the fluidization gas stream (FG).

A microwave pyrolysis reactor including an elongated hollow body defining an internal cavity, a bottom body secured to the bottom end of the elongated hollow body, and a top body secured to the top end of the elongated hollow body, the elongated hollow body and the bottom and top bodies form an enclosure for receiving a product to be pyrolyzed, wherein the elongated hollow body includes an elongated wall extending between an internal face and an external face, the elongated wall being provided with at least one fluid receiving cavity for receiving therein a temperature control fluid in order to control a temperature of the product when received in the enclosure, and with the at least one fluid receiving cavity extending at least within a bottom section of the elongated wall adjacent to the bottom body.

The invention discloses a reactor for preparing a formulation. The reactor comprises at least two apertures, a base and at least one sidewall extending flush therefrom, wherein the base and the sidewall together define a mixing chamber with a height h.sub.M and at least one axis of symmetry arranged substantially perpendicular to the base and at least one distance r from the sidewall. A first aperture is arranged within the base or adjacent to the base in the sidewall of the mixing chamber at a height h.sub.A ranging from 0.6 to 0.0 h.sub.M in order to introduce free-flowing materials and/or mixtures to the mixing chamber. The first aperture is configured with a non-return valve disposed therein or adjacent thereto, the non-return valve permitting the introduction of free-flowing materials to the mixing chamber through the aperture, but preventing outflow of free-flowing materials from the mixing chamber through the aperture. The first aperture is formed with an aperture area extending in a range between a minimum and a maximum, the minimum area being 0.05 mm.sup.2 and the maximum area being determined by a value resulting from Volume.sub.mixing chamber [cm.sup.3]/Area.sub.first aperture [cm.sup.2]≈5500.

This disclosure relates to equipment utilized to manufacture chemical agents, particularly biopharmaceuticals. In some embodiments, reactor systems comprising a mobile carriage assembly; a disposable reaction container removably attached to the carriage assembly; and, a carriage holder into which the mobile carriage assembly may be removably inserted are provided.

A reactive process for converting composite plastic waste into hydrogen gas and a reactor system for effecting such process.