The invention relates to a partial oxidation reactor (POX reactor) for producing a raw synthesis gas stream by partial oxidation of a carbon-containing input stream in gaseous form, in liquid form or in solid, particulate form dispersed in a carrier liquid or a carrier gas in the presence of an oxygen-containing oxidant stream and optionally a moderator stream containing steam and/or carbon dioxide. The invention further relates to a process for producing a raw synthesis gas stream. The partial oxidation reactor according to the invention provides for introducing a cylindrical or frustoconical inlet region having a constant diameter or a diameter that is smaller on the entrance side. The inlet region is arranged upstream of a cylindrical main reactor portion and represents a bottleneck-like section since the largest diameter of the inlet region is smaller than the diameter of the cylindrical main reactor portion.

The method serves to control substances present in a liquid; a liquid mass is brought to temperature and pressure conditions such as to give rise to an appreciable evaporation of the liquid mass; at least one solid surface is arranged, in part inside the liquid mass and in part outside the liquid mass so as to establish at least a meniscus of the liquid on this solid surface; the shape and/or the size and/or the extension and/or the position and/or the temperature of this meniscus is controlled so that the evaporation of the liquid through said meniscus is controlled; any deposition of these substances is also controlled.

The invention relates to a device for producing polymers, preferably for processing and polycondensation of polyester, having a substantially cylindrical reactor (1), which has an inlet opening (2) on one side and an exit opening (4) on the other side and an outlet (20) for discharging gases. According to the invention, said device is developed such that the device has a compact design, and such that the device allows the use of higher-viscosity initial substances, even when generating smaller volumes, which is optimally adjustable in respect of the process conditions thereof and which represents a variable, cost-effective solution. According to the invention, the reactor (1) has a continuous, central shaft (6), on which agitating elements or agitating elements and conveying elements are arranged, the inlet opening (2) is connected to an entry extruder (3), the shaft (6) of the reactor and the shaft (6) of the entry extruder (3) form a common shaft (6), and a drive (7) for the common shaft (6) is allocated to the entry extruder (3).

The invention relates to a method for producing an oil rich fraction (OF) from primary feedstock (FS) that comprises water, first salt, second salt, and biomass. The feedstock (FS) is provided to a first reaction zone (Z1) of a conversion reactor (100), where it is allowed to react at a temperature of at least 350 C. in a pressure of at least 160 bar to form converted primary feedstock. The method comprises separating from the converted primary feedstock a first salt rich fraction (SF1), a second salt rich fraction (SF2), and an oil rich fraction (OF). The method comprises withdrawing the oil rich fraction (OF) from the first reaction zone (Z1) and withdrawing the first salt rich fraction (SF1) and the second salt rich fraction (SF2) from the conversion reactor (100). In the method the first salt rich fraction (SF1) comprises at least some of the first salt dissolved in the water, the second salt rich fraction (SF2) comprises at least some of the second salt in solid form, and at least one of the first salt and the second salt is a salt capable of catalysing the reaction of the biomass of the primary feedstock (FS) with the water of the primary feedstock (FS) to produce the oil rich fraction (OF). A device for the same.

A catalyst loading system comprising: a vessel comprising at least one gas distribution nozzle at or near the bottom of the vessel, a top fluid distributor located at or near the top of the vessel, a catalyst inlet through which catalyst is introduced into the vessel, a first contact point at which catalyst introduced into the vessel first contacts the contents of the vessel, and a discharge outlet whereby catalyst exits the vessel. Methods of preparing catalyst slurry for introduction into a downstream reactor or in-situ activation within the vessel utilizing the catalyst loading system are also disclosed.

An apparatus (1) for thermal denitration of a uranyl nitrate hydrate to uranium trioxide UO3. The apparatus (1) comprises a burner (114) and a reaction chamber (110) configured to carry out thermal denitration of uranyl nitrate hydrate and to form uranium trioxide UO3 in the form of particles. The apparatus also comprises a separating chamber (120) suitable for separating UO3 particles from the gases resulting from the thermal denitration carried out in the reaction chamber (110), and at least one filter (130) configured for purifying the gases. The separating chamber (120) is a decanting chamber into which the reaction chamber (110) directly opens out. The filter (130) is capable of performing the separation at a temperature greater than or equal to 350 C. The invention also relates to use of such an apparatus, to a thermal denitration process and to UO3 particles obtained by such a process.

A substance is treated using a device having: (a) a volute or cyclone head, (b) a throat connected to the volute or cyclone head, (c) a parabolic reflector connected to the throat, (d) a first wave energy source comprising a first electrode within the volute or cyclone head that extends through the outlet into the opening of the throat along the central axis, and a second electrode extending into the parabolic reflector and spaced apart and axially aligned with first electrode, and (e) a second wave energy source disposed inside the throat, embedded within the throat or disposed around the throat. The substance is directed to the inlet of the volute or cyclone head and irradiated with one or more wave energies produced by the first and second wave energy sources as the substance passes through the device.

Disclosed are a large-scale composite synthesis system, a reactor therefor, and a synthesis method using the same, wherein two or more different samples are vaporized in respective vaporizers, and are then fed into a reactor that has a relatively large transverse cross-sectional diameter compared to the connector for transporting the samples in a gas phase and is maintained at a temperature lower than that of the connector, thus producing a powder composite, the composite being synthesized while being electrostatically attached to an adherend surface.

A process for separating polymeric and gaseous components of a polymer-monomer mixture at a pressure of from 0.12 MPa to 0.6 MPa and a temperature of from 120 C. to 300 C. in a separation vessel is provided. The separation vessel has a vertically arranged cylindrical shape with a ratio of length to diameter L/D of from 0.6 to 10 and an inlet pipe capable of introducing the polymer-monomer mixture into the separation vessel which the inlet pipe extends vertically from the top of the separation vessel into the separation vessel. Further a process for preparing ethylene homopolymers or copolymers from ethylenically unsaturated monomers in the presence of free-radical polymerization initiators at temperatures from 100 C. to 350 C. and pressures in the range of from 110 MPa to 500 MPa comprising such a process for separating a polymer-monomer mixture is provided.

An apparatus for producing pulverulent poly(meth)acrylate in a reactor for droplet polymerization having an apparatus for dropletization of a monomer solution for the production of the poly(meth)acrylate having holes through which the monomer solution is introduced, an addition point for a gas above the apparatus for dropletization, at least one gas withdrawal point on the circumference of the reactor and a fluidized bed, and above the gas withdrawal point the reactor has a region having a constant hydraulic internal diameter and below the gas withdrawal point the reactor has a hydraulic internal diameter that steadily decreases. The reactor has a heating means in the region having a steadily decreasing hydraulic internal diameter.