A reactor for carrying out catalytic reactions. The reactor includes a reactor component optionally arranged on a central rod in a reactor tube. The reactor component can have fluid ducts for directing fluid flow through the reactor. The fluid ducts are effective for increasing heat transfer in the reactor. The reactor component can further have a washer attached to a top or bottom surface for directing fluid flow.

A reaction assembly has an elongate vessel defining a reaction chamber. Planar supports within the reaction chamber have surfaces for supporting a solid catalyst. The planar supports are mounted transversely to an elongate axis of the vessel, forming a series of spaced-apart barriers. A conduit introduces gas through openings between successive barriers such that gas flow through the conduit causes gas to flow along the support surfaces. With selection of an appropriate metal nanoparticle catalyst that may be seeded on the support surfaces. the reaction assembly may be used to produce carbon nanofibers from carbon monoxide and hydrogen, wherein the nanofibers may be subsequently removed via injection of a fluid.

A reactor for the synthesis of urea comprising a vertical shell and perforated baffles or trays (3) arranged to define compartments of the reactor, wherein each baffle comprises an array of individual perforated tiles (10) wherein each tile (101) comprises side walls (101A-101D) and a top face (101F), the side walls having first perforations for the liquid and said top face having second perforations for the gas, wherein said second perforations are smaller than said first perforations, and the tiles are distributed over the baffle with a two-dimensional pattern where adjacent tiles are separated by gaps (17).

The invention relates to a device, stacked plate reactor and to a method for investigating chemical processes to be carried out simultaneously or almost at the same time on a large number of functional element variations of the process parameters.