Disclosed herein are compositions and products of Arundo grass plants and methods of producing the same.

A batch process of remediation of soil and sediment contaminated with toxic metals includes the steps of treating contaminated soil and sediment with a solution containing aminopolycarboxylic chelating agent, rinsing the soil/sediment solid phase to remove residues of mobilized toxic metals, treating the used process waters to recycle chelating agent and clean process solutions and placing the remediated soil/sediment on a permeable horizontal reactive barrier to prevent emission of contaminants. In the batch process, toxic metals are removed from process solutions by alkaline adsorption of polysaccharide adsorbents. By applying alkaline adsorption the efficiency of toxic metal removal from process solutions and alkaline and acidic recycling of chelating agent is significantly improved.

In some embodiments, the present disclosure pertains to materials for use in CO.sub.2 capture in high pressure environments. In some embodiments, the materials include a porous carbon material containing a plurality of pores for use in a high pressure environment. Additional embodiments pertain to methods of utilizing the materials of the present disclosure to capture CO.sub.2 from various environments. In some embodiments, the materials of the present disclosure selectively capture CO.sub.2 over hydrocarbon species in the environment.

A chromogenic absorbent material for an animal litter includes an oxidizing agent responsive to peroxidatic/pseudoperoxidatic activity in an animal excretion or a first catalytic compound generating the oxidizing agent in situ. The material also includes a chromogenic indicator being chromogenically responsive to the oxidizing activity of the oxidizing agent, and an absorptive material which is porous, for absorbing the animal excretion. The absorptive material includes a water-absorbing polysaccharide providing absorptive properties to the chromogenic absorbent material; and may also include a second polysaccharide and a superabsorbent polymer. The material may be obtained in the form of particles having a low density and a high porosity, and is usable in conjunction with an animal litter for detecting various diseases in animals.

The invention relates to methods for making completely biodegradable, hydrophobic, oleophilic plant based materials which are useful in adsorption of petroleum products. The materials have an average diameter of from 1 to 5 mm, and an ash content of from 10% to 30%. The non-paraffin coating is an animal fat product, preferably produced by dissolving a pure animal fat and using this as the coating material.

Novel electrospun nanofibers and nanofibrous membranes, methods of manufacturing the same, and methods of using the same are provided. The nanofibers include a cactus mucilage, such as mucilage from Opuntia ficus-indica. An organic polymer can be added to the cactus mucilage before electrospinning. The nanofibrous membranes can be used in water filtration.

Provided are compositions for removal of a target substance from a fluid stream, the composition comprising a polyamine; and a covalently linked hydrophobic group, wherein the polyamine is covalently linked to a support material. Also provided are processes for removal of a target substance from a fluid stream comprising contacting the fluid stream with a composition comprising a polyamine; and a covalently linked hydrophobic group, wherein the polyamine is covalently linked to a support material.

A super absorbent polymer exhibiting excellent biodegradability without deterioration in physical properties of the super absorbent polymer, and a preparation method of the same are described herein. The super absorbent polymer comprises a cross-linked polymer of a monomer containing a modified polysaccharide having at least one of a maleic acid group (OCOCHCHCOOH) and a carboxymethyl group (CH2-COOH), wherein at least a part of the maleic acid group and the carboxymethyl group is neutralized, the cross-linked polymer contains 60 parts by weight or more of a modified polysaccharide-derived repeating unit, and a molecular weight of the modified polysaccharide is 190,000 g/mol or more.

The disclosure provides sorbents and sorbents that improve the adsorption of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). The sorbents and sorbents have microstructures that efficiently adsorb PFAS, as shown by the combination of high volumetric iodine number and high volumetric molasses number. Methods of manufacturing and methods of use are further provided.

The present invention relates to a superabsorbent polymer and a method of making the same. The superabsorbent polymer includes a cross-linking core structure and a shell layer. The shell layer encloses the cross-linking core structure completely, and the shell layer includes microcrystalline cellulose. The superabsorbent polymer has not only good absorption properties but also excellent absorption rate as well as permeability, and can be applied to thinner hygiene products.