A preparation method and an application of a scallop shell extract efficient adsorbent are provided. The adsorbent employs waste scallop shells as a primary raw material, and converts the scallop shells into an extract with excellent adsorption performance by heating and multiple times of extraction with acetic acid. The prepared scallop shell extract is used as an efficient adsorbent to be applied to adsorption of aqueous solution dyes and shows good adsorption performance. The preparation method has a simple preparation process, realizes high-value utilization of the waste scallop shells, effectively lightens the environmental burden, reduces shell pollution and waste, has low cost and high renewable efficiency, and has good ecological benefit and economic value.

A ceramsite produced by using a river/lake/sea sludge and seashell powder as raw materials and a preparation method thereof are provided. The ceramsite is made of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-50 parts of shell powder, 5-15 parts of kaolin, 1-5 parts of peat ash, 15-30 parts of siliceous shale, 15-40 parts of furnace slag, 10-20 parts of fly ash, 15-40 parts of zeolite, 10-30 parts of river/lake/sea sludge, and 10-25 parts of peat. The shell powder is pulverized to a particle size of 60-200 mesh in fineness. A content of silica in the siliceous shale is 87.0%-89.5%. The preparation method of the ceramsite includes the following steps: taking raw materials, pulverizing, stirring, granulating, calcining, and naturally cooling, so as to obtain the ceramsite.

The present invention provides a method (100) for removal of metals from aqueous solutions comprising the steps of treating (102) the aqueous solutions with an adsorbent, allowing (104) the aqueous solutions and the adsorbent to be in contact for a predetermined time to obtain treated aqueous solutions, collecting (106) the treated aqueous solutions, filtering (108) the treated aqueous solutions and discharging (110) the filtered aqueous solutions. The adsorbent comprising plurality of natural biomaterials. Further, the plurality of natural biomaterials are capable of adsorbing the metals from the aqueous solutions.

Carbonaceous material that is activated to form precursor activated carbon is further enhanced by doping with iron and nitrogen and calcining. The resultant sorbent material has excellent catalytic properties which are useful in the field of fluid purification. The further enhancement can be performed in a single stage process or a dual stage process. The carbonaceous material includes those obtained from coal, wood, or coconut shells. The described treatment processes result in a sorbent material that has excellent performance in removing chloramine and similar compounds from fluids such as water that is intended for drinking.

Carbonaceous material that is activated to form precursor activated carbon is further enhanced by doping with copper, iron, and nitrogen and calcining. The carbonaceous material includes those obtained from coal, wood, or coconut shells. Methods of doping the activated carbon are described. The described treatment processes result in a sorbent material that has excellent performance in removing chloramine and similar compounds from fluids such as water that is intended for drinking.

The invention relates to a biodegradable chemical composition with a chelating effect on arsenic, lead and mercury, comprising: (i) between 20 and 30 weight % of chitosan (poly-D-glucosamine); (ii) between 40 and 60 weight % of natural zeolite; and (iii) between 20% and 30 weight % of eggshell membrane. In a preferred embodiment, the composition comprises: 25 weight % of chitosan (poly-D-glucosamine); (ii) 50 weight % of natural zeolite; and (iii) 25 weight % of eggshell membrane. The invention also relates to all products used for personal hygiene, cleanliness and care that can include the biodegradable chemical composition as an additional component of the product.

Mesoporous activated carbon having a mesopore structure of at least about 10%. In at least some embodiments, the activated carbon may be coconut shell-based. The enhanced activated carbon may have an intraparticle diffusion constant of at least about 40 mg/g/hr.sup.1/2.

Mesoporous activated carbon having a mesopore structure of at least about 10%. In at least some embodiments, the activated carbon may be coconut shell-based. The enhanced activated carbon may have an intraparticle diffusion constant of at least about 40 mg/g/hr.sup.1/2.

The present invention provides a method (100) for removal of metals from aqueous solutions comprising the steps of treating (102) the aqueous solutions with an adsorbent, allowing (104) the aqueous solutions and the adsorbent to be in contact for a predetermined time to obtain treated aqueous solutions, collecting (106) the treated aqueous solutions, filtering (108) the treated aqueous solutions and discharging (110) the filtered aqueous solutions. The adsorbent comprising plurality of natural biomaterials. Further, the plurality of natural biomaterials are capable of adsorbing the metals from the aqueous solutions.

The present invention provides a mixture of adsorbents which has the capacity to adsorb high concentrations of antibiotics from a diverse range of classes, pathogens, and heavy metals. The invention is a mixture of various charcoal adsorbents including areca nut, bamboo, pine nut, coconut shell and paper that can deplete a wide variety of antibiotics in one go.