The present invention is directed to catalytic compositions and to curable compositions containing them. Catalytic compositions of the present invention consist essentially of: (i) a metal compound; and (ii) a compound different from (i) that catalyzes an addition reaction between an ethylenically unsaturated compound and a thiol, wherein said catalytic composition is essentially free of vanadium compounds. Curable compositions according to the present invention comprise: (a) a polyene, (b) a polythiol, and (c) a catalytic component, which consists of the afore-mentioned catalytic composition.

A long-life catalyst which can be easily and inexpensively manufactured and has high activity and suppressed leakage of metal. A catalyst according to some embodiments includes: a substrate; and a first metal atom as a catalytic center. The substrate contains a non-metallic atom and a second metal atom, and the non-metallic atom is any one selected from the group consisting of a group 15 element, a group 16 element and a group 17 element.

A long-life catalyst which can be easily and inexpensively manufactured and has high activity and suppressed leakage of metal. A catalyst according to some embodiments includes: a substrate; and a first metal atom as a catalytic center. The substrate contains a non-metallic atom and a second metal atom, and the non-metallic atom is any one selected from the group consisting of a group 15 element, a group 16 element and a group 17 element.

The present invention is directed to catalytic compositions and to curable compositions containing them. Catalytic compositions of the present invention consist essentially of: (i) a metal compound; and (ii) a compound different from (i) that catalyzes an addition reaction between an ethylenically unsaturated compound and a thiol, wherein said catalytic composition is essentially free of vanadium compounds. Curable compositions according to the present invention comprise: (a) a polyene, (b) a polythiol, and (c) a catalytic component, which consists of the afore-mentioned catalytic composition.

The present invention provides oxalic amide ligands and uses thereof in copper-catalyzed coupling reaction of aryl halides. Specifically, the present invention provides a use of a compound represented by formula I, wherein definitions of each group are described in the specification. The compound represented by formula I can be used as a ligand in copper-catalyzed coupling reaction of aryl halides for the formation of CN, CO and CS bonds. ##STR00001##

A catalyst includes a plurality of amphiphiles. Each of the amphiphiles includes a polar head and a non-polar tail. At least a portion of the amphiphiles are functionalized amphiphiles. Each of the functionalized amphiphiles has a catalytic center coupled to the polar head. The catalytic center is disposed at an internal hydrophilic environment, which is encapsulated within a hydrophobic shell formed by the non-polar tails of the amphiphiles.

The present invention provides oxalic amide ligands and uses thereof in copper-catalyzed coupling reaction of aryl halides. Specifically, the present invention provides a use of a compound represented by formula I, wherein definitions of each group are described in the specification. The compound represented by formula I can be used as a ligand in copper-catalyzed coupling reaction of aryl halides for the formation of CN, CO and CS bonds.

##STR00001##

Various embodiments disclosed relate to a method of oxidizing sulfur-containing compounds. The method involves contacting a sulfur-containing compound with a helmet phthalocyaninato-type catalyst in the presence of an oxidant. The present invention also provides a method of removing undesired sulfur-containing compounds from a fluid, such as natural gas, crude oil or an aqueous waste stream.

The present invention concerns a process for creating a Carbon-Carbon bond (CC) or a Carbon-Heteroatom bond (CHE) by reacting a compound carrying a leaving group with a nucleophilic compound carrying a carbon atom or a heteroatom (HE) that can substitute for the leaving group, creating a CC or CHE bond, wherein the reaction takes place in the presence of an effective quantity of a. a catalytic system comprising a ligand and at least a metal-based catalyst, such a metal catalyst being chosen among iron or copper compounds proviso that only a single metal is present.

The disclosure is directed to: (a) phosphacycle ligands; (b) catalyst compositions comprising phosphacycle ligands; and (c) methods of using such phosphacycle ligands and catalyst compositions in bond forming reactions.