The present invention relates to a transition metal complex having a PNNP4 ligand, which is easy to manufacture and handle and is relatively inexpensively available, and a method for manufacturing the same, as well as a method using this transition metal complex as a catalyst for hydrogenation reduction of ketones, esters and amides to manufacture corresponding alcohols, aldehydes, hemiacetals and hemiaminals, a method using this transition metal complex as a catalyst for oxidation of alcohols, hemiacetals and hemiaminals to manufacture corresponding carbonyl compounds, and a method using this transition metal complex as a catalyst for dehydrogenation condensation between alcohols and amines to manufacture alkylamines.

The present disclosure relates to an organometallic framework modified using a compound having a hydroxyl group (—OH), a catalyst for a hydrogenation reaction including the same, and a method of manufacturing the same. The catalyst according to the present disclosure has high activity to the hydrogenation reaction even at a low temperature of 30 to 40° C., thus making low-grade waste heat usable.

A reactor for performing a reaction between two immiscible fluids of different density, comprising an interior formed by a cylindrical, vertically oriented elongate shell, a bottom and a cap, wherein the interior is divided by internals into a backmixed zone, a zone of limited backmixing preferably arranged below the backmixed zone and a plug-flow zone which are at least consecutively traversable by one of the fluids, wherein the backmixed zone comprises at least one inlet and the plug-flow zone comprises an outlet and the backmixed zone comprises at least one mixing apparatus selected from a stirrer, a jet nozzle and means for injecting the fluid of lower density, a first cylindrical internal element which in the interior extends in the longitudinal direction of the reactor, which delimits the zone of limited backmixing from the plug-flow zone and which comprises a first passage to the backmixed zone and a second passage to the plug-flow zone, a second internal element which delimits the backmixed zone from the plug-flow zone such that there is no direct fluid connection between the backmixed zone and the plug-flow zone, and backmixing-preventing third internal elements in the form of random packings, structured packings or liquid-permeable trays arranged in the zone of limited backmixing. The reactor allows an optimal residence time distribution in the reaction of the two immiscible fluids of different density. The invention further relates to a process for performing a continuous reaction in the reactor.

Solid/liquid separation processes using a large pore filter. One aspect of the disclosure is a process comprising filtering a solid/liquid mixture of a collection of solid aromatic carboxylic acid particles in a solvent in a first zone of a rotary pressure filter apparatus to form a filter cake on a filter surface, and removing the filter cake from the filter surface.

The invention relates to a process for preparing optically active 2-aryl substituted 6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridin-7-ols comprising asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of the corresponding ketones in presence of a ruthenium catalyst comprising a chiral diamine or amino alcohol ligand.

Disclosed is a process for preparing 2,2,4,4-tetramethylcyclobutane-1,3-diol by reacting 2,2,4,4-tetramethylcyclobutane dione with isobutanol in the presence of a tandem transfer hydrogenation and Tischenko reaction catalyst.

This invention relates to novel hydrogenation catalyst compositions obtainable from reacting metal-based complex hydrogenation catalysts with specific co-catalysts and to a process for selectively hydrogenating nitrile rubbers in the presence of such novel hydrogenation catalyst compositions.

An object is to provide a method for producing a compound which is useful as a synthetic intermediate for an active pharmaceutical ingredient of an antidiabetic drug or the like in an industrially inexpensive and efficient manner, and the present invention can achieve the object by reducing a compound (2) represented by the following formula (2):

##STR00001## wherein R.sub.1, Ar, n and X are as mentioned herein in the presence of a titanium compound by using a reducing agent to produce a compound (1) represented by the following formula (1):

##STR00002## wherein R.sub.1, Ar and n are the same as defined above.

A compound by the name 1,1,1-tris(di(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)phosphino-methyl)ethane. The compound can be represented by the structure of formula (I): ##STR00001##
The compound is useful as a ligand for ruthenium to form an organometallic complex. The complex is an active catalyst for the hydrogenolysis of amides to form amines and optionally alcohols.

A chiral catalyst represented by formula (II) is provided. In formula (II), Y independently includes hydrogen, fluorine, trifluoromethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, C.sub.mH.sub.2m+1 or OC.sub.mH.sub.2m+1, wherein m=1-10 and n=1-10. A heterogeneous chiral catalyst is also provided. The heterogeneous chiral catalyst includes the chiral catalyst represented by formula (II), and a substrate connected to the chiral catalyst. ##STR00001##