A ligand having the structure or its enantiomer; (I) wherein: each one of R.sub.a, R.sub.b, R.sub.c and R.sub.d is selected from alkyl, cycloalkyl, and aryl; the bridge group is selected from CH.sub.2NH; *CH(CH.sub.3)NH(C*,R); and the organocatalyst is an organic molecule catalyst covalently bound to the bridge group. Also, a catalyst having the structure or its enantiomer: (II) wherein: each one of R.sub.a, R.sub.b, R.sub.c and R.sub.d is selected from alkyl, cycloalkyl, and aryl; the bridge group is selected from CH.sub.2NH; *CH(CH.sub.3)NH(C*,R); and *CH(CH.sub.3)NH(C*,S); the organocatalyst is an organic molecule catalyst covalently bound to the bridge group; and M is selected from the group consisting of Rh, Pd, Cu, Ru, Ir, Ag, Au, Zn, Ni, Co, and Fe. ##STR00001##

The invention relates to a method for the non-stereoselective and also for the stereoselective synthesis of astaxanthin from astacin. For this purpose, a reducing agent is used selected from the group of hydrogen, a secondary alcohol, formic acid and also the salts of formic acid or from a mixture of at least two representatives of the compound classes stated above. The invention further relates to the use of astacin as starting compound for the synthesis of astaxanthin.

The present invention provides a novel process for subjecting a diene-based-polymer to a metathesis reaction in a first step and a selective hydrogenation of the carbon-carbon double bonds present in such diene-based polymers in a second step using a ruthenium or osmium based complex catalyst, wherein the diene-based polymer is present in latex form, this means as a suspension of diene-based polymer particles in an aqueous medium.

A renewable biofuel based on a highly efficient batch catalysis methodology for conversion of 1-butene to a new class of potential jet fuel blends. By tuning the catalyst and then using the dimer produced, the carbon use is about 95% or greater. This latter point will be particularly important in the future, where the source of raw materials (i.e., biomass/biofeedstock) is limited.

The inventive concepts disclosed and/or claimed herein relate generally to catalysts and, more particularly, but not by way of limitation, to a heterogeneous, metal-free hydrogenation catalyst containing frustrated Lewis pairs. In one non-limiting embodiment, the heterogeneous, metal-free catalyst comprises hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) having frustrated Lewis pairs therein.

The present invention relates to a method for producing a Tebbe complex having high purity and high activity and having excellent storage stability in a high yield, the method including allowing bis(cyclopentadienyl)titanium dichloride and trimethylaluminum to react with each other in the presence of a solvent such that a solubility of the Tebbe complex in 1 g of the solvent at 25° C. is 0.5 mmol/g or less.

The present invention relates to a process for preparing solutions of hydrogenated nitrile-diene copolymer, wherein the nitrile-diene copolymer dissolved in an ether-containing or ketone-containing solvent mixture is subjected to hydrogenation conditions. The invention further relates to solutions of hydrogenated nitrile-diene copolymer (HNBR solutions) comprising CPME as solvent, and to the use of HNBR solutions in CPME-containing solvent mixtures as binder in electrodes.

A catalyst composition for selectively hydrogenating a conjugated diene polymer in a homogeneous system is provided, wherein the conjugated diene polymer comprises a conjugated diene monomer or a combination of a conjugated diene monomer and a vinyl aromatic monomer. The catalyst composition includes the catalyst components of (a) a titanium compound; (b) an organometallic compound; and (c) an oligomer containing a polyglycol segment. The hydrogenated polymer produced using the catalyst composition and the method thereof is also provided.

The present invention may provide an asymmetric hydrogenation catalyst capable of resolving enantiomers with excellent enantioselectivity from a carbon-carbon double bond-containing compound. The catalyst according to one embodiment of the present invention includes: an iridium cation; and a ligand bonded to the iridium cation.

The present invention relates to the use of Ru and Os carbene complexes with a hydroxamic acid (ester) function for the metathesis degradation of nitrile rubber (NBR). The invention further relates to a method for producing hydrogenated nitrile rubbers, by subjecting a nitrile rubber to a metathesis degradation in the presence of the said catalyst, and the degraded nitrile rubber obtained subsequently undergoes a hydrogenation, preferably in situ.