The present invention relates to a novel method for producing fluorinated cycloaliphatic compounds from the analogous aromatic compounds by hydrogenation with an Rh-carbene catalyst system.

Catalysts including at least one microporous material (e.g., zeolite), an organosilica material binder, and at least one catalyst metal are provided herein. Methods of making the catalysts, preferably without surfactants and processes of using the catalysts, e.g., for aromatic hydrogenation, are also provided herein.

The instant disclosure provides an organometallic compound of Formula I:

##STR00001##

wherein R is selected from —C.sub.1-10 alkyl or —C(O)C.sub.1-10 alkyl; R.sub.1 is selected from —C.sub.1-10 alkyl, —C(O)C.sub.1-10 alkyl, —C(O)C.sub.1-10 alkylN.sup.+R.sub.aR.sub.bCl.sup.−, —C(O)C.sub.1-10 alkylN(CO)R.sub.a, —C.sub.1-10 alkylN.sup.+R.sub.aR.sub.bCl—, or —C.sub.1-10 alkylN(CO)R.sub.a, wherein R.sub.a, and R.sub.b is independently selected from H, C.sub.6-12 aryl, C.sub.1-10 alkyl, C.sub.6-12 aryl, or C.sub.1-10 alkyl; R, and R.sub.1 can be taken together to form a monocyclic 6-8 membered ring; M is selected from Group VI-B metals; and m and n is independently 1 to 3. A process for obtaining the organometallic compound is also provided.

The present invention relates to a novel method for producing fluorinated cycloaliphatic compounds from the analogous aromatic compounds by hydrogenation with an Rh-carbene catalyst system.

Provided are an electron donor that is easy to handle and can be used to carry out a coupling reaction economically and efficiently through simple operations under mild conditions in a short period of time, and a method for synthesizing 4,4′-bipyridine using the electron donor. The electron donor includes a mixture of a dispersion product obtained by dispersing sodium in a dispersion solvent and 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, and this electron donor is used in the method for synthesizing 4,4′-bipyridine.

A catalyst system has been designed that disrupts the sedimentation process. The catalyst system achieves this by saturating key feed components before the feed components are stripped into their incompatible aromatic cores. The efficacy of this disruptive catalyst system is particularly evident in a hydrocracker configuration that runs in two-stage-recycle operation. The catalyst is a self-supported multi-metallic catalyst prepared from a precursor in the hydroxide form, and the catalyst must be toward the top level of the second stage of the two-stage system.

A catalyst system has been designed that disrupts the sedimentation process. The catalyst system achieves this by saturating key feed components before the feed components are stripped into their incompatible aromatic cores. The efficacy of this disruptive catalyst system is particularly evident in a hydrocracker configuration that runs in two-stage-recycle operation. The catalyst is a self-supported multi-metallic catalyst prepared from a precursor in the hydroxide form, and the catalyst must be toward the top level of the second stage of the two-stage system.

Metal-organic framework (MOFs) compositions based on postsynthetic metalation of secondary building unit (SBU) terminal or bridging OH or OH.sub.2 groups with metal precursors or other post-synthetic manipulations are described. The MOFs provide a versatile family of recyclable and reusable single-site solid catalysts for catalyzing a variety of asymmetric organic transformations, including the regioselective boryiation and siiylation of benzyiic CH bonds, the hydrogenation of aikenes, imines, carbonyls, nitroarenes, and heterocycles, hydroboration, hydrophosphination, and cyclization reactions. The solid catalysts can also be integrated into a flow reactor or a supercritical fluid reactor.

A process for producing methanol includes combining a hydrogenation catalyst, hydrogen, and CO.sub.2 with a condensed phase solution comprising an amine under conditions effective to form methanol and water. A process for coproduction of methanol and a glycol includes combining an epoxide, a hydrogenation catalyst, hydrogen, and CO.sub.2 with a condensed phase solution comprising an amine under conditions effective to form methanol and a glycol.

A process for producing methanol includes combining a hydrogenation catalyst, hydrogen, and CO.sub.2 with a condensed phase solution comprising an amine under conditions effective to form methanol and water. A process for coproduction of methanol and a glycol includes combining an epoxide, a hydrogenation catalyst, hydrogen, and CO.sub.2 with a condensed phase solution comprising an amine under conditions effective to form methanol and a glycol.