Embodiments of the present technology may allow for the analysis of molecules by tunneling recognition at a tunneling junction. A tunneling junction of the present technology can include an insulating layer between two electrodes. A voltage may be applied to the electrodes. When a molecule makes contact with both electrodes, the molecule allows current to tunnel through the molecule. The characteristics of the current may aid in identifying a portion of the molecule, for example, a particular nucleotide or base present in a nucleic acid molecule. Methods and systems for analysis of molecules are described.

A system may include a first conduit configured to form a first batch of discrete volumes of aqueous fluid separated by spacing liquid disposed between consecutive volumes of aqueous fluid, the spacing liquid being immiscible with the aqueous fluid volumes; a second conduit, fluidically coupled to the first conduit, the second conduit configured to statically hold the first batch of discrete volumes of aqueous fluid; and a third conduit configured to receive the first batch of discrete volumes of aqueous fluid from the second conduit. The third conduit can be configured to transfer the discrete volumes of aqueous fluid of the first batch for downstream processing.

Compositions of matter, methods, modules, and automated instruments may relate to synthesizing a library including an editing cassette including a different gRNA and donor DNA pair, amplifying the editing cassette in a partition separate from other editing cassettes in the library, adding nuclease to the partition, and adding lipofectamine to the editing cassette and nuclease to form a lipofectamine/nucleic acid/nuclease complex. A microcarrier coated in extracellular matrix or a cell adhesion molecule coating may be added to the lipofectamine/nucleic acid/nuclease complex. Cell growth material, the microcarrier, and mammalian cells may be transferred to a growth module in an automated closed cell editing instrument via a liquid handling system. The mammalian cells may be allowed to seed on the microcarrier. Conditions may be provided for the mammalian cells to take-up and be edited by a payload associated with the lipofectamine/nucleic acid/nuclease complex. The mammalian cells may be detached from the microcarrier.

A hand-held microfluidic testing device is provided that includes a housing having a cartridge receiving port, a cartridge for input to the cartridge receiving port having a sample input and a channel, where the channel includes a mixture of Raman-scattering nanoparticles and a calibration solution, where the calibration solution includes chemical compounds capable of interacting with a sample under test input to the cartridge and the Raman-scattering nanoparticles, and an optical detection system in the housing, where the optical detection system is capable of providing an illuminated electric field, where the illuminating electric field is capable of being used for Raman spectroscopy with the Raman-scattering nanoparticles and the calibration solution to analyze the sample under test input to the cartridge.

A biochip and a method for manufacturing the same are provided. The biochip includes: a guide layer; a channel layer on the guide layer, wherein the channel layer has therein a plurality of first channels extending in a first direction; a plurality of second channels extending in a second direction, wherein each of the plurality of second channels is in communication with the plurality of first channels, the plurality of second channels are in a layer where the channel layer is located, or in a layer where the channel layer and the guide layer are located; an encapsulation cover plate on a side of the channel layer distal to the guide layer; and a driving unit configured to drive biomolecules to move.

Spatially distributed optical excitation and integrated waveguides are used for ultrasensitive particle detection based on individual electrokinetic velocities of particles. In some embodiments, chip-integrated systems are used to identify individual particles (e.g., individual molecules) based on their velocity as they move through an optically interrogated channel. Molecular species may be identified and quantified in a fully integrated setting, allowing for particle analysis including molecular analysis that can operate at low copy numbers down to the level of single-cell lysates. In some embodiments, the single-particle velocimetry-based identification and/or separation techniques are applied to various diagnostic assays, including nucleic acids, metabolites, macromolecules, organelles, cell, synthetic markers, small molecules, organic polymers, hormones, peptides, antibodies, lipids, carbohydrates, inorganic and organic microparticles and nanoparticles, whole viruses, and any combination thereof.

A microchip controlling system comprises a microchip which is configured by adhesion of an elastic sheet and a plate/sheet member, and on which a flow path is provided as an inadhesive section between the elastic sheet and the plate/sheet member; and a microchip controlling apparatus comprising a valve mechanism which is inflated or deflated so as to control the flow path to be opened or closed.

Devices and methods generate an ordered restriction map of genomic DNA extracted from whole cells, nuclei, whole chromosomes, or other sources of long DNA molecules. The devices have a fluidic microchannel that merges into a reaction nanochannel that merges into a detection nanochannel at an interface where the nanochannel diameter decreases in size by between 50% to 99%. Intact molecules of DNA are transported to the reaction nanochannel and then fragmented in the reaction nanochannel using restriction endonuclease enzymes. The reaction nanochannel is sized and configured so that the fragments stay in an original order until they are injected into the detection nanochannel. Signal at one or more locations along the detection nanochannel is detected to map fragments in the order they occur along a long DNA molecule.

A microfluidic system may include a microfluidic chip having a non-conductive substrate and wells connected in common to a microfluidic channel within the non-conductive substrate. Each well may have a galvanic contact with a first portion at an upper surface of the sample well and a second portion that extends into the non-conductive substrate. A plurality of electrodes may be provided as part of an electrical interface, with each electrode configured to contact a respective galvanic contact of the microfluidic chip. The electrical interface may also include at least one shared power amplifier that is configured to generate a power signal (e.g., constant current, constant voltage, pulsed power signal). A selector may be configured to receive the generated power signal from the shared power amplifier and configured to select at least one of the plurality of electrodes and output the received power signal thereto.

A sequencing device has at least one sequencing channel configured to fluidically connect a first gap with a second gap. The sequencing channel is formed as a cavity in the region of the first gap and is formed as a pore in the region of the second gap. The pore has a smaller cross section than the cavity.