A valve assembly including a housing with an internally projecting lip that seals against an outer surface of a valve stem inserted through it. A gas inlet is provided above the lip and a liquid inlet is provided below the lip. The lip thus ensures that a gas flow path and a liquid flow path are kept separate until the valve stem is moved to an open position, at which point a liquid inlet hole in the stem is brought into communication with the liquid inlet in the housing and a gas inlet hole in the stem is brought into communication with the gas inlet in the housing for the fluids mix in an outlet conduit in the stem. The arrangement means that there is no contact between the liquid and a sealing gasket, thereby avoiding swelling of the gasket that can cause the stem to stick.

An apparatus for creating solid or liquid nanoparticles having a nozzle to create a first particle size from a bulk liquid flow that is in fluid communication with a gas flow amplifier comprising an inlet cone connected to and in fluid communication with the inlet of a cylindrical housing; a diffuser connected to and in fluid communication with the outlet of said housing; and said housing comprising at least two rings of ports disposed of along a circumference of the cylindrical housing; and a means to inject compressed gas into the housing through said ports.

The present invention involves providing a viscous fluid in a particular format and implementations thereof. In particular, a viscous slave fluid is provided in a particular format, wherein the particular format can be an end result or an intermediate result for the viscous fluid. In the case of an intermediate result, the viscous fluid in the second format may be further processed to a third format. Implementations or applications include supercharged fuel injection systems, methods, and apparatuses for internal combustion, lean-burn oil pre-mixing systems, methods, and apparatuses for liquid fuel combustion, and medical or biomedical devices, systems, and methods.

A system and a method for generating a respirable dry powder aerosol (15) from a liquid solution or liquid suspension at a respirable dry powder aerosol volume flow (91). A liquid aerosol generating nozzle (3) generates from the liquid solution or liquid suspension a liquid aerosol (13) that is diluted by dilution gas (4) and dried in a cylindrical evaporation chamber (6) to generate a dry powder aerosol (14) that is subsequently concentrated by a cylindrical single linear slit aerosol concentrator (9). The system and method may include heliox as a gas, specifically dilution gas (4), for enhancing both the drying process in the cylindrical evaporation chamber (6) and for enhancing the concentration efficiency, but also as a nozzle gas (2) for enhancing generating the liquid aerosol (13) from the liquid solution or liquid suspension.

Glass-fiber-reinforced concrete compositions that may be sprayed, and methods of preparing and applying such compositions. Such compositions may include cement, reinforcing glass fibers randomly oriented and homogenously distributed throughout the concrete composition, and a particle packing aggregate. At least a portion of the particle packing aggregate may be rounded rather than crushed and include a first aggregate portion having a first particle size and a second aggregate portion having a second particle size that is smaller than the first particle size so that the aggregate is capable of particle packing. The uncured compositions can be delivered through a spray nozzle with the glass fibers already mixed into the composition. The compositions can provide uniform, non-directional strength characteristics, e.g., modulus of rupture of at least 16 MPa and a limit of proportionality of at least 7 MPa with a glass-fiber content of no more than 4% by weight.

The present invention involves providing a viscous fluid in a particular format and implementations thereof. In particular, a viscous slave fluid is provided in a particular format, wherein the particular format can be an end result or an intermediate result for the viscous fluid. In the case of an intermediate result, the viscous fluid in the second format may be further processed to a third format. Implementations or applications include supercharged fuel injection systems, methods, and apparatuses for internal combustion, lean-burn oil pre-mixing systems, methods, and apparatuses for liquid fuel combustion, and medical or biomedical devices, systems, and methods.

An apparatus and method for depositing an aerosol that has an ultrafast pneumatic, shutter. The flow of aerosol through the entire deposition flow path is surrounded by at least one sheath gas, thereby greatly increasing reliability. The distance between the aerosol switching chamber and a reverse gas flow chamber input is minimized to reduce switching time. The distance from the switching chamber to the nozzle exit is also minimized to reduce switching time. The gas flows in the system are configured to maintain a substantially constant pressure in the system, and consequently substantially constant flow rates through the deposition nozzle and exhaust nozzle, to minimize on/off switching times. This enables the system to have a switching time of less than 10 ms.

A valve assembly including a housing with an internally projecting lip that seals against an outer surface of a valve stem inserted through it. A gas inlet is provided above the lip and a liquid inlet is provided below the lip. The lip thus ensures that a gas flow path and a liquid flow path are kept separate until the valve stem is moved to an open position, at which point a liquid inlet hole in the stem is brought into communication with the liquid inlet in the housing and a gas inlet hole in the stem is brought into communication with the gas inlet in the housing for the fluids mix in an outlet conduit in the stem. The arrangement means that there is no contact between the liquid and a sealing gasket, thereby avoiding swelling of the gasket that can cause the stem to stick.

A nozzle assembly includes a mixing channel and an aerator. The mixing channel has upstream and downstream ends defining a flow direction through the mixing channel and includes a housing wall and a mixer. The housing wall defines a flow passage and includes an inlet portion and a tip orifice. The inlet portion disposed at the upstream end and configured to receive a first material and a second material. The tip orifice is disposed at the downstream end and is configured to emit a plural component material from the mixing channel. The mixer is disposed within the mixing channel and is configured to mix the first material and the second material into the plural component material. The aerator is configured to flow nucleation air to a location downstream of an upstream end of the mixer and into a flow of the plural component material.

Exemplary foam-at-a-distance systems, refill units and foam generators are disclosed herein. An exemplary foam generator includes a body having an inlet for receiving air and an inlet for receiving liquid. The foam generator includes a plurality of baffles located within the body. A plurality of elongated spaces are formed at least in part by the baffles. The elongated spaces have a length that is greater than a width.