There is provided a technique that includes: a process chamber in which a substrate is accommodated to be processed; a plurality of quartz gas nozzles configured to supply, into the process chamber, a plurality of process gasses capable of generating reaction products by reacting the plurality of process gasses with each other; an evacuation device configured to evacuate an interior portion of the process chamber; a bypass pipe configured to connect a quartz gas nozzle among the plurality of quartz gas nozzles to the evacuation device; and a coating gas nozzle configured to supply at least one of a silicon-containing gas and an oxidizing gas capable of forming a SiO.sub.2 coating film inside the quartz gas nozzle connected to the evacuation device in a state in which the inside of the quartz gas nozzle connected to the evacuation device is evacuated by the evacuation device.

The present invention relates to a dry cleaning technology for a cleaning a surface of an object to be cleaned by adiabatically expanding liquid carbon dioxide to generate sublimable dry ice particles and carrying the dry ice particles on high-speed carrier gas to be sprayed onto the surface of the object to be cleaned, wherein an end of a liquid carbon dioxide nozzle further protrudes to the outside relative to an end of a carrier gas nozzle to prevent a growth of dry ice particles in the carrier gas nozzle, a hydrophobic coating is formed on a surface of the liquid carbon dioxide nozzle to prevent a formation of water droplets and to prevent an occurrence of irregular dry ice particles, thereby effectively preventing damage to a surface of an object to be cleaned and being advantageous in an economical aspect by significantly reducing consumption of liquid carbon dioxide.

A spray nozzle assembly having a nozzle body and a downstream air cap. The air cap has a central opening through which liquid is directed and a plurality of circumferentially spaced air passages oriented at a compound angle to the central flow axis of the air cap opening for directing pressurized air flow streams that interact with discharging liquid for atomizing the liquid while imparting a tangential direction to the atomized liquid for enhanced atomization and a swirling movement into a full cone spray pattern. The air cap may have an integrally formed spray tip or a separate spray tip may be associated with the nozzle body. The air cap may be formed with a downstream conical recess into which liquid and air streams are directed, or alternatively, be designed for atomizing liquid internally within the air cap.

A system for spraying liquid pesticides with enhanced performance to crops and orchards, combines an air-assisted nozzle and electrostatic induction charging, low voltage dc power supply raised to several kilovolts which is applied to a ring electrode embedded at a selected distance in the nozzle, spray nozzle made of insulating material to avoid the shock and hazardous, an external air assistance system which supplies compressed air to assist the finely divided liquid spray, movable support system for air supplies whose variation of spray coverage is from parallel to the spray center line (0) to maximum target spray coverage, flexible spring system to compress or elongate the air supply to change the spray coverage, manually controlled trigger system to compress or elongate the springs, to transport electrostatically charged droplets to intended target with variable spray canopy coverage, applicable in high wind and transient agro-climatic conditions.

An instrument is used to spray a plurality of mutually reactive liquids by means of at least one swirling gas stream and to mix them outside the nozzle arrangement of the instrument. The nozzle arrangement of the instrument has a nozzle body with at least one liquid outlet, through which one or more liquids can be dispensed, and a gas outlet arrangement, through which the at least one swirling gas stream can be dispensed, the gas outlet arrangement enclosing the at least one liquid outlet.

A method of removing a coating from a substrate comprises positioning a nozzle of an apparatus such that a longitudinal axis of a distal end of the nozzle is inclined at an angle ? with a coated surface of the substrate. The nozzle including an inner conduit having an orifice and an outer conduit coaxially arranged about the inner conduit and defining an annular opening between the inner and outer conduits. Directing a liquid stream through the orifice toward the coated surface and directing a gas flow through the annular opening such that the gas flow surrounds the liquid stream, and impinging the liquid stream on the coated surface.

A sealing element seals a transition between a body of a spray gun, in particular a paint spray gun, and an attachment of a spray gun, in particular a paint spray gun, in particular a paint nozzle. The sealing element is configured so that it forms an axially acting sealing surface and a radially acting sealing surface with the body and/or the attachment when the attachment is arranged in body. An attachment, in particular a paint nozzle arrangement for a spray gun, in particular a paint spray gun, and a spray gun, in particular a paint spray gun can each have such a sealing element. Due to the axially acting sealing surface and the radially acting sealing surface, the sealing element provides a significantly improved sealing effect relative to sealing elements of the prior art.

A fluidized bed coating apparatus for coating liquid onto the surfaces of particles directed into a coating chamber. A liquid spray nozzle assembly disposed below a hollow separator within the coating chamber includes an ultrasonic atomizer for atomizing coating liquid into a fine liquid particle cloud and a pressurized air directing air cap for forming the ultrasonically atomized fine liquid particle cloud into a cone shaped spray pattern and propelling the liquid particles through the separator into an upbed region of the coating chamber for recirculation in an outbed region, and through the separator. A cooling air passageway system is provided within the spray nozzle assembly for cooing the ultrasonic atomizer during operation.

Liquid spray gun platforms, spray head assemblies and liquid spray guns including one or both of the spray gun platforms and the spray head assemblies are described.

The spraying device serves for spraying samples with a solution, wherein a liquid feed for the metered feeding of the solution and a gas feed are provided which are connected via supply lines to a nozzle head (10) which has a gas outlet (36) and a liquid outlet (16) in order to spray the solution. In order, after drying, to allow a formation of relatively small crystals of the matrix in a coating which is as homogeneous as possible, it is proposed that the liquid outlet (16) is provided at the end of a capillary line (14) which projects beyond the gas outlet (36).