Disclosed herein are biodegradable compositions comprising 1,3-propanediol, wherein the 1,3-propanediol in said biodegradable composition has a bio-based carbon content of about 1% to 100%. In addition, it is preferred that the 1,3-propanediol be biologically-derived, and wherein upon biodegradation, the biologically-derived 1,3-propanediol contributes no anthropogenic CO2 emissions to the atmosphere.

A nutritional composition which is easy to consume without having an oily feeling, and from which the desired amount of energy can be conveniently obtained. The nutritional composition contains fats, proteins, and sugars, and the energy per 100 g of the nutritional composition is 150-750 kcal, the ratio of fats to the total of proteins and sugars is 1.8 to 6.0, and a triacylglycerol having a C6-12 medium-chain fatty acid is included as a constituent fatty acid in an amount of 50% by weight or more of the fats.

A nutritional composition which is easy to consume without having an oily feeling, and from which the desired amount of energy can be conveniently obtained. The nutritional composition contains fats, proteins, and sugars, and the energy per 100 g of the nutritional composition is 150-750 kcal, the ratio of fats to the total of proteins and sugars is 1.8 to 6.0, and a triacylglycerol having a C6-12 medium-chain fatty acid is included as a constituent fatty acid in an amount of 50% by weight or more of the fats.

Biodegradable pharmaceutical compositions comprising 1,3-propanediol and its esters are provided. The 1,3-propanediol and its esters in the pharmaceutical composition are biologically derived, and as such, the pharmaceutical compositions exhibit a low anthropogenic CO.sub.2 emission profile.

Biodegradable pharmaceutical compositions comprising 1,3-propanediol and its esters are provided. The 1,3-propanediol and its esters in the pharmaceutical composition are biologically derived, and as such, the pharmaceutical compositions exhibit a low anthropogenic CO.sub.2 emission profile.

A sodium bicarbonate product comprises particles containing sodium bicarbonate and an organic material that is a solid at ambient temperature. The particles have a structure comprised of individual crystallites of sodium bicarbonate attached together in the particle. More than 95% by volume of the particles have a size less than 200 m. Particles of the product are hollow and are formed of an outer shell of the crystallites. The product may be used, for example, as a leavening agent in the production of cooked foods. The product may be produced by spray drying a solution or slurry dissolved organic material and dissolved sodium bicarbonate. The sodium bicarbonate may be present as a suspension.

A sodium bicarbonate product comprises particles containing sodium bicarbonate and an organic material that is a solid at ambient temperature. The particles have a structure comprised of individual crystallites of sodium bicarbonate attached together in the particle. More than 95% by volume of the particles have a size less than 200 m. Particles of the product are hollow and are formed of an outer shell of the crystallites. The product may be used, for example, as a leavening agent in the production of cooked foods. The product may be produced by spray drying a solution or slurry dissolved organic material and dissolved sodium bicarbonate. The sodium bicarbonate may be present as a suspension.

A wheat bran-containing processed food, containing: insoluble dietary fibers; ferulic acid; and p-coumaric acid; wherein the content of the ferulic acid is 0.035 to 0.16 mass part, with respect to 100 mass parts of the content of the insoluble dietary fibers; and

wherein the content of the p-coumaric acid is 0.004 to 0.06 mass part, with respect to 100 mass parts of the content of the insoluble dietary fibers.

A wheat bran-containing processed food, containing: insoluble dietary fibers; ferulic acid; and p-coumaric acid; wherein the content of the ferulic acid is 0.035 to 0.16 mass part, with respect to 100 mass parts of the content of the insoluble dietary fibers; and

wherein the content of the p-coumaric acid is 0.004 to 0.06 mass part, with respect to 100 mass parts of the content of the insoluble dietary fibers.

Described are dough compositions and methods of making dough compositions, the dough compositions being chemically leavened and being prepared from ingredients that include a low temperature inactive yeast and a yeast inhibitor; the methods include inactivating the low temperature inactive yeast to inhibit the metabolic activity of the yeast as desired; the compositions and methods can be used, e.g., to prepare refrigerated dough products.