A curable film-forming composition is provided, comprising: (a) a polymeric polyester binder comprising a plurality of carbamate groups; (b) a curing agent reactive with the carbamate functional groups of (a); and (c) a reaction product of: (1) a hydroxyl functional polymer comprising the reaction product of: (i) a monomer comprising at least two ethylenically unsaturated double bonds; (ii) a monomer comprising a carbon atom that is bonded to four moieties wherein one of the moieties is a hydrogen atom and the remainder of the moieties comprises an alkyl group, wherein at least one of the alkyl group-containing moieties comprises an ethylenically unsaturated double bond; and (iii) at least one monomer that is polymerizable with (i) and (ii); and (2) a lactone or lactam. Also provided are a multi-component composite coating composition that includes the curable film-forming composition described above and methods for forming a composite coating on a substrate.

Provided herein is a method for producing a multicoat paint system on a metallic substrate by producing a basecoat or a plurality of directly successive basecoats directly on a metallic substrate coated with a cured electrocoat system, producing a clearcoat directly on the one or the topmost of the plurality of basecoats, and subsequently jointly curing the one or the plurality of basecoats and the clearcoat, wherein at least one basecoat material used for producing the basecoats includes at least one aqueous dispersion which includes a polymer whose preparation includes successive radical emulsion polymerization of three mixtures of olefinically unsaturated monomers.

Described herein are aqueous dispersions including multistage-prepared polymers of olefinically unsaturated compounds and to the preparation and use thereof, in particular in the field of automobile coating.

The present invention relates to a copolymer (A) having a glass transition temperature T.sub.g of at least 30 C. obtainable by copolymerization of a mixture of olefinically unsaturated monomers (a) in at least one organic solvent and in the presence of at least one initiator, where the mixture of monomers (a) to be polymerized comprises (a1) 10 to 60 mol % of at least one monomer of the formula (I) below ##STR00001## where R.sub.1=C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkoxy, R.sub.2=C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl, and m=0 to 2, and (a2) 40 to 90 mol % of at least one olefinically unsaturated monomer selected from the group consisting of monomers of the formulae H.sub.2CCH.sub.2(CO)OR.sub.x, H.sub.2CCH(CH.sub.3)(CO)OR.sub.x, and H.sub.2CCH.sub.2O(CO)R.sub.x, where R.sub.x is an alkyl radical having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and where the sum total of the molar fractions of the monomers (a1) and (a2), based on the total molar amount of monomers (a) used, is at least 90 mol %, and where the copolymerization is carried out at a temperature from 60 to 200 C. and at a pressure of at least 2 bar.

The clear coat paint composition comprises (A) a carboxy-containing polymer, (B) an epoxy-containing acrylic resin, and (C) an antioxidant having a phenyl group and a sulfide bond.

Disclosed herein is a method for preparing a multilayer coating system on a substrate including at least the steps of applying a first coating material composition to a substrate (step (1)), applying a second coating material composition to the first coating film formed in step (1) prior to curing the first coating film and forming a second coating film (step (2)) and jointly curing the first and second coating films (step (3)).

Described herein are an aqueous pigment paste including at least one color pigment (a) and at least one polymer (b) which is preparable by successive radical emulsion polymerization of three monomer mixtures (A), (B) and (C) of olefinically unsaturated monomers in water, an aqueous basecoat material which is preparable by admixing the pigment paste to at least one aqueous binder-containing component suitable for preparing the basecoat material, a method for producing a multicoat paint system using this basecoat material, and use of the polymer (b) for dispersing color pigments within an aqueous pigment paste.

The invention discloses a process for manufacturing a frying pan, which is characterized by comprising the steps of material selecting, cutting, machining and forming, welding, grinding, sanding, cleaning, baking, preparing of a ceramic paint, spraying of a ceramic paint, curing, cooling and the like. The invention has the advantage of simple process and can be used to obtain a finished frying pan with better quality.

Described herein are an aqueous effect pigment paste including at least one effect pigment (a) and at least one polymer (b) which is preparable by successive radical emulsion polymerization of three monomer mixtures (A), (B) and (C) of olefinically unsaturated monomers in water, an aqueous basecoat material which is preparable by admixing the effect pigment paste to at least one aqueous binder-containing component suitable for preparing the basecoat material, a method for producing a multicoat paint system using this basecoat material, and use of the polymer (b) for dispersing effect pigments within an aqueous effect pigment paste.

The present disclosure describes example methods and structures directed to a non-uniform disordered optical grating formed though spontaneous buckling. The non-uniform disordered optical grating, which can be used as part of a light-dispersing structure to improve lighting conditions, may be formed from a bilayer coating of polymeric materials that is deposited and cured on a sacrificial substrate. The light-dispersing structure effectuates the spreading of incident light without noticeable chromatic dispersion due to its stochastic patterning, thus enhancing daylight penetration and improving lighting conditions.