A method for forming a multilayer coating film which includes forming an uncured coating film by applying a first aqueous base coating composition, forming an uncured coating film by applying a second aqueous base coating composition, forming an uncured coating film by applying a clear coating composition, and simultaneously heat curing the obtained coating films. The first aqueous base coating composition contains a carbodiimide compound, the clear coating composition contains a hydroxyl group-containing acrylic resin (A) having a hydroxyl value of 120 to 160 mgKOH/g and an acid value of 5 to 10 mgKOH/g, a polyisocyanate compound (B), and a polycarbonate diol compound (C). The component (A) has a hydroxyl group-containing alkyl moiety having 3 or less carbon atoms, and the ratio of the numbers of moles of the isocyanate functional groups of the component (B) and the hydroxyl group functional groups of the component (A) is 1.15 to 1.35.

Acid-catalyzed curable coating compositions containing 1,1-di-activated vinyl compounds are described, including multi-layer coatings. Also provided are processes for coating substrates with coating compositions comprising 1,1-di-activated vinyl compounds. Also provided are coated articles comprising coatings formed from coating compositions comprising 1,1-di-activated vinyl compounds.

Provided is a coating composition from which a coating film having excellent decontamination properties, scratch resistance, and transparency can be formed. Specifically, provided is a coating composition containing a resin (A) having a hydroxyl group and an alkoxysilyl group, a curing agent (B), and an acrylic resin-coated silica particle (C) dispersion, wherein: the acrylic resin-coated silica particle (C) dispersion is a reaction product of silica particles with a polymerizable unsaturated group (c1) and a polymerizable unsaturated monomer mixture (c2); and the polymerizable unsaturated monomer mixture (c2) contains, as at least a part of components thereof, a polymerizable unsaturated monomer having a polysiloxane structure (c21) and an alkoxysilyl group-containing polymerizable unsaturated monomer (c22).

The present disclosure provides an aluminum alloy coating, an aluminum alloy wheel hub and a spraying method of an aluminum alloy wheel hub. The aluminum alloy coating includes a base powder layer, a main body layer and a transparent powder layer from inside to outside. The main body layer includes at least two prime coat layers and at least two colored paint layers which are superposed in a preset order.

In a coated article including a laminated coating film configured such that a first base layer 3 containing a lustrous material 11 and a second base layer 4 and a transparent clear layer 5 containing an organic pigment 15 are stacked on each other in this order on a coating target object, the same type of organic ultraviolet absorbing agent 13 having a molecular weight of equal to or greater than 500 is added to the first base layer 3 and the second base layer 4.

This invention provides a method for forming a multilayer coating film that is capable of forming a multilayer coating film that has excellent blackness, high reflectance of an infrared laser, and excellent coating film performance. The method for forming a multilayer coating film includes forming a first colored coating film containing a titanium oxide pigment and in which the diffuse reflectance at a wavelength of 905 nm or diffuse reflectance at a wavelength of 1550 nm, or both, is 40% or more; forming a second colored coating film containing a carbon black pigment (A) and one or more pigments (B), which are a perylene black pigment (B1) or two or more pigments (B2) selected from the group consisting of blue pigments, red pigments, yellow pigments, and green pigments, or both (B1) and (B2); and forming a clear coating film; wherein the multilayer coating film has a lightness L*(45°) of 4 or less and a chroma C*(45°) of 2 or less, and wherein the diffuse reflectance at a wavelength of 905 nm or the diffuse reflectance at a wavelength of 1550 nm, or both, is 10% or more.

An object of the present invention is to provide an aqueous coating composition that exhibits a small change in viscosity and can form a coating film having a superior coating film appearance even when the amount of a solvent contained in the aqueous coating composition decreases due to the change of the coating environment. The present invention provides an aqueous coating composition containing a polyurethane resin dispersion (A) and a melamine resin (B), wherein the melamine resin (B) contains a hydrophobic melamine resin, and the polyurethane resin constituting the polyurethane resin dispersion (A) has a viscosity in a range of 101 to 150,000 Pa.Math.s measured at a temperature of 25° C. and a shear rate of 0.1 sec.sup.−1.

A method for forming a multilayer coating film, comprising the steps of applying a color paint (W) to a substrate to form a colored coating film; applying an effect pigment dispersion (X) to the colored coating film, wherein the effect pigment dispersion (X) contains an effect pigment (x2), and the content of the effect pigment (x2) in the effect pigment dispersion (X) is within a range of 15 to 80 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of the total solids content in the effect pigment dispersion (X), to form an effect first base coating film; applying a transparent colored second base paint (Y) containing a color pigment (y2) to form a transparent colored second base coating film; and applying a clear paint (Z) to form a clear coating film, wherein the clear paint (Z) contains a hydroxy-containing acrylic resin (z1) and an aliphatic triisocyanate compound (z2-1) having a molecular weight within a range of 200 to 350.

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for forming a multilayer coating film with excellent performance such as acid resistance, by using a coating composition which is completely different from conventional clear coating compositions and cheaper than conventional non-melamine curing type, acid/epoxy type, and isocyanate type clear coating compositions. A method for forming a multilayer coating film comprising a step (1) of applying a base coating composition and a step (2) of applying a clear coating composition on a coating film formed in the step (1), wherein the clear coating composition causes a curing reaction through a transesterification reaction between a hydroxyl group and an alkyl ester group.

Multi-layer coatings comprising polymerization reaction products of 1,1-di-activated vinyl compounds are described. Also provided are processes for coating substrates with curable compositions comprising 1,1-di-activated vinyl compounds. Also provided are articles coated with this composition.