A sputtering target including aluminum and either a rare earth element or a titanium group element or both a rare earth element and a titanium group element, and the sputtering target has a fluorine content of 100 ppm or less.

A metal powder in which a coating made of one or more types of elements selected from Gd, Ho, Lu, Mo, Nb, Os, Re, Ru, Tb, Tc, Th, Tm, U, V, W, Y, Zr, Cr, Rh, Hf, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm and Ti is formed on a surface of a copper or copper alloy powder, wherein a thickness of the coating is 5 nm or more and 500 nm or less. A metal powder for metal additive manufacturing based on the laser method which can be efficiently melted with a laser while maintaining the high conductivity of copper or copper alloy, and a molded object produced by using such metal powder are provided.

A lead-based alloy containing alloying additions of bismuth, antimony, arsenic, and tin is used for the production of doped leady oxides, lead-acid battery active materials, lead-acid battery electrodes, and lead-acid batteries.

A magnetic core has a structure in which Fe-based soft magnetic alloy particles are connected via a grain boundary. The Fe-based soft magnetic alloy particles contain Al, Cr and Si. An oxide layer containing at least Fe, Al, Cr and Si is formed at the grain boundary that connects the neighboring Fe-based soft magnetic alloy particles. The oxide layer contains an amount of Al larger than that in Fe-based soft magnetic alloy particles, and includes a first region in which the ratio of Al is higher than the ratio of each of Fe, Cr and Si to the sum of Fe, Cr, Al and Si, and a second region in which the ratio of Fe is higher than the ratio of each of Al, Cr and Si to the sum of Fe, Cr, Al and Si. The first region is on the Fe-based soft magnetic alloy particle side.

A magnetic core has a structure in which Fe-based soft magnetic alloy particles are connected via a grain boundary. The Fe-based soft magnetic alloy particles contain Al, Cr and Si. An oxide layer containing at least Fe, Al, Cr and Si is formed at the grain boundary that connects the neighboring Fe-based soft magnetic alloy particles. The oxide layer contains an amount of Al larger than that in Fe-based soft magnetic alloy particles, and includes a first region in which the ratio of Al is higher than the ratio of each of Fe, Cr and Si to the sum of Fe, Cr, Al and Si, and a second region in which the ratio of Fe is higher than the ratio of each of Al, Cr and Si to the sum of Fe, Cr, Al and Si. The first region is on the Fe-based soft magnetic alloy particle side.

New alpha-beta titanium alloys are disclosed. The new alloys generally include 7.0-11.0 wt. % Al, and 1.0-4.0 wt. % Mo, wherein Al:Mo, by weight, is from 2.0:1-11.0:1, the balance being titanium, any optional incidental elements, and unavoidable impurities. The new alloys may realize an improved combination of properties as compared to conventional titanium alloys.

New alpha-beta titanium alloys are disclosed. The new alloys generally include 7.0-11.0 wt. % Al, and 1.0-4.0 wt. % Mo, wherein Al:Mo, by weight, is from 2.0:1-11.0:1, the balance being titanium, any optional incidental elements, and unavoidable impurities. The new alloys may realize an improved combination of properties as compared to conventional titanium alloys.

A method, and systems in which such method may be practiced, allow for the separation of elemental metals from metal alloy. A metal alloy is atomized to form metal alloy particulates. The metal alloy particulates are exposed to an oxidizing agent, such as chlorine gas in the presence of a salt, such as NaCl, an acid, such as HCl, and water. The resulting solution may be filtered to remove particulates, reduced, filtered, reduced, filtered, and so on. In aspects, the method is used to refine gold alloy by oxidation of elemental sponge gold to gold chloride followed by reduction to pure elemental gold.

A method, and systems in which such method may be practiced, allow for the separation of elemental metals from metal alloy. A metal alloy is atomized to form metal alloy particulates. The metal alloy particulates are exposed to an oxidizing agent, such as chlorine gas in the presence of a salt, such as NaCl, an acid, such as HCl, and water. The resulting solution may be filtered to remove particulates, reduced, filtered, reduced, filtered, and so on. In aspects, the method is used to refine gold alloy by oxidation of elemental sponge gold to gold chloride followed by reduction to pure elemental gold.

Metallurgical processes and systems for gas atomization of molten slag and/or molten metals from a metallurgical furnace are integrated with off-gas handling processes and equipment, such that the off-gases are fed to the gas atomization plant for atomizing the molten slag and/or molten metal. The use of by-product off-gases for atomizing molten slag and/or molten metals provides a number of benefits, including elimination of off-gas handling and treatment equipment, centralization and upgrading of heat via atomization to improve heat recovery, prevention of oxidation of granular products of atomization, and reduction of CO.sub.2 emissions. A process for preparing a granular product comprises: feeding a molten material and a by-product off-gas to a dispersion apparatus; and contacting the gas with the molten material in the dispersion apparatus, whereby the molten material is dispersed and solidified by contact with the gas to form the granular product.