The dynamic energy and spot size adjustment method for laser processing with an optical microscope is applied to a laser processing machine which includes a console, a calculation module, a laser source, a beam adjustment unit, a galvanometer scanner, a light sensor, a vision module, an F-theta lens, a beam splitter, and an objective lens. The laser source generates a laser beam passing through the beam adjustment unit to form a laser processing beam which further passes through the galvanometer scanner, the F-theta lens, the beam splitter, and the objective lens to focus on a working plane. The beam splitter respectively guides parts of the laser processing beam to the vision module and the light sensor. The vision module and the light sensor cooperate with the calculation module to identify/measure and record the energy and spot size of the laser processing beam as dynamic adjustment references during laser processing.

A laser processing apparatus includes a laser beam applying unit for applying a laser beam to a workpiece, an image capturing unit for producing a captured image of the workpiece that includes a captured image of light emitted from the workpiece when the laser beam is applied to the workpiece by the laser beam applying unit, and a control unit. The laser beam applying unit includes a laser oscillator for emitting a laser beam and a condensing lens for converging the laser beam onto the workpiece. The control unit includes a determining section for determining a state of the laser beam applied to the workpiece, on the basis of the shape of the captured image of the light that is included in the captured image of the workpiece.

Inflatable devices are disclosed including a surface which has a network of polymer chains and is configured to be inflatable into a therapeutically or diagnostically useful shape, and at least one ultrashort laser pulse-formed modification in the surface. The network can, for example, include a network morphology that is substantially unchanged by modification with the ultrashort pulse laser. Ultrashort laser pulses can be laser pulses equal to or less than 1000 picoseconds in duration. Advantageously, the etching process uses a relatively low-heat laser to avoid significant heating of surrounding polymers while modifying the surface (and other structures) of the device. The process is configured so that the polymer chain morphology adjacent the modification is substantially unaffected by the low-heat laser. The resulting inflatable device has customized surface features while still retaining substantially homogenous polymer network morphology. This preserves the elasticity, especially the surface elasticity, of the inflatable device.

Fabricating a capacitor includes performing an oxide formation operation on a sheet of material. The oxide formation operation forms an anode metal oxide on an anode metal. A thermal compression is performed on the sheet of material after the oxide formation operation is performed. The thermal compression applies thermal energy to the sheet of material while applying pressure to the sheet of material. After the thermal compression, the capacitor is assembled such that at least one electrode in the capacitor includes at least a portion of the sheet of material.

A laser processing system configured to provide a processing beam is provided. The laser processing system includes a laser, a beam splitting module, a first adjustment module, and a second adjustment module. The laser is configured to provide a laser beam. The beam splitting module is configured to split the laser beam into a first laser beam and a second laser beam. The first adjustment module is disposed on a transmission path of the first laser beam and configured to adjust the first laser beam to a central portion of the processing beam. The second adjustment module is disposed on a transmission path of the second laser beam and configured to adjust the second laser beam to an outer ring portion of the processing beam.

A temperature control method for additive manufacturing includes directing an energy beam of a first energy source toward a material and fusing at least a portion of the material to form a cladding layer, forging the cladding layer with a micro-forging device, and detecting a first internal effect parameter of the cladding layer at a forging position where is forged by the micro-forging device. The first internal effect parameter includes at least one of a stress or a strain of the cladding layer. The method also includes calculating a first calculated temperature of the cladding layer at the forging position based on the first internal effect parameter and adjusting the at least one of the first energy source and the micro forging device if the first calculated temperature does not fall within a desired temperature range.

A laser processing device, including: an irradiation device, and a control device. The irradiation device is configured to process one or more target layers sequentially from the workpiece by irradiating the target layers with a pulse laser beam having a pulse width of less than 10 picoseconds at a predetermined low fluence, and to removing a protrusion generated on a surface of the target layers by irradiation with the pulse laser beam at a high fluence higher than the low fluence. The control device includes a switching unit and a switching condition setting unit. The switching unit switches the pulse laser beam output from said irradiation device between the low fluence and the high fluence based on switching conditions.

Methods and systems for operating a machine, the machine includes moveable axes and an apparatus for emitting an energy beam. A method includes the steps of providing a computing device or system; providing, the computing device or system, a program for operating the axes of the machine based on a CAD file, the program having a plurality of controller instructions for operating the axes; and providing the program to a controller of the machine. The computing device or system adds apparatus instructions to the program, each apparatus instruction corresponding to an energy beam radiation configuration of energy beam radiation configurations for the apparatus. Each time the controller runs a line of the program that has an apparatus instruction, the computing device or system operates the apparatus according to the apparatus instruction; and each apparatus instruction added to the program is a comment for the controller.

A method of welding a first metal plate and a second metal plate that is thicker than the first plate, by a laser beam. The first plate and the second plate are disposed to overlap one another in a thickness direction. In a first laser irradiation step, the laser beam is emitted at the first plate, to form an initial nugget including a front-side nugget portion in the first plate, a back-side nugget portion in the second plate and having a diameter smaller than a diameter of the front-side nugget portion, and an annular flat surface portion existing between the front-side nugget portion and the back-side nugget portion. In a subsequent laser irradiation step, the laser beam is emitted again at the initial nugget after the initial nugget is solidified, thereby increasing the diameter of the back-side nugget portion.

A method for laser keyhole welding is disclosed to weld two pieces together made of a metal alloy. The method independently adjusts power in a focused center beam and power in a concentric focused annular beam. At the termination of a weld, the power of the annular beam is reduced, motion of the focused beams is stopped, the power of the center beam is increased, and the power of both beams is initially ramped down rapidly and then ramped down slowly. Increasing the power of the center beam equalizes the temperature of both pieces prior to solidification and cooling at the termination of the weld. An additional pulse of power may be applied to prevent the formation of defects or to erase any defects.