The present disclosure provides three-dimensional (3D) printing methods, apparatuses, and systems using, inter alia, a controller that regulates formation of at least one 3D object (e.g., in real time during the 3D printing); and a non-transitory computer-readable medium facilitating the same. For example, a controller that regulates a deformation of at least a portion of the 3D object. The control may be in situ control. The control may be real-time control during the 3D printing process. For example, the control may be during a physical-attribute pulse. The present disclosure provides various methods, apparatuses, systems and software for estimating the fundamental length scale of a melt pool, and for various tools that increase the accuracy of the 3D printing.

Methods of separating a glass web include exposing a separation path on the glass web to a laser beam that produces thermal stress along the separation path without damaging the glass web. The methods further include redirecting a portion of the laser beam to create a defect on the separation path while the separation path is under thermal stress produced during the exposing the separation path on the glass web to the laser beam, whereupon the glass web separates along the separation path in response to creating the defect. Apparatus are further provided for separating a glass web with at least one laser beam generator that produces a laser beam to heat a separation path and a mirror configured to reflect an end portion of the laser beam to create a defect at a location of the separation path on the glass web.

A method for realizing high-speed cladding of hollow offset-focus annual laser. The method includes the following steps: dividing laser into annual light, and forming an offset-focus annual light spot after the annual light is focused, which acts on a surface of a matrix; during cladding for the surface of the matrix, selecting laser parameters according to different materials; after every cladding, making a shift by 20-80% of the diameter of the light spot in a vertical direction of a scanning speed of the laser; in the cladding process, selecting shielding gas for protection, and blowing the shielding gas to the molten powder in the air to spray the molten powder in air towards the surface of the matrix at a certain speed so that the cladding layer and the matrix are bonded firmly, and cladding the surface of the matrix to form a coating layer.

Systems and methods for additive manufacturing systems implementing adaptive optics in accordance with various embodiments of the invention are illustrated. One embodiment includes an additive manufacturing system including a laser source configured to form an output beam, a scanning mirror disposed in an optical path of the output beam, wherein the scanning mirror is configured to reflect and scan the output beam at a range of scan angles, a deformable mirror disposed in the optical path of the output beam, wherein the deformable mirror has a plurality of configurations for reflecting and altering a wavefront of the output beam, wherein the configuration of the deformable mirror is based on the scan angle of the scanning mirror, and a print bed configured to hold a print material, wherein the output beam is configured to fuse the print material to form a build object.

A multifunctional laser processing apparatus includes a hollow milling shaft, a light path tool holder, a tool-holder-type melting module, a laser light source, and a temperature sensor. The hollow milling shaft includes a first light path channel and a connection portion. The light path tool holder can be connected to the connection portion. The light path tool holder has a second light path channel communicating with the first light path channel. The tool-holder-type melting module can be connected to the connection portion. The tool-holder-type melting module has a third light path channel communicating with the first light path channel. The laser light source is configured to emit a laser light beam toward the first light path channel. The temperature sensor is disposed on an outer surface of the hollow milling shaft and is configured to sense a temperature of a work piece during a multifunctional processing process.

A method of confirming an optical axis of a laser processing apparatus includes placing an image capturing unit so as to be movable in X-axis directions, removing a second mirror and capturing an image of a laser beam with the image capturing unit for receiving the laser beam reflected by a first mirror, installing the second mirror and capturing an image of the laser beam with the image capturing unit for receiving the laser beam reflected by a third mirror, and determining whether an optical axis of the laser beam reflected by the first mirror and an optical axis of the laser beam reflected by the third mirror exist in one XZ plane or not on the basis of the captured images and a reference line in the captured images.

An irradiation device for additively manufacturing three-dimensional objects may include a beam generation device configured to generate an energy beam, an optical modulator including a micromirror array disposed downstream from the beam generation device, and a focusing lens assembly disposed downstream from the optical modulator. The micromirror array may include a plurality of micromirror elements configured to reflect a corresponding plurality of beam segment of the energy beam along a beam path incident upon the focusing lens assembly. The focusing lens assembly may include one or more lenses configured to focus the plurality of beam segments such that for respective ones of a plurality of modulation groups including a subset of micromirror elements, a corresponding subset of beam segments are focused to at least partially overlap with one another at a combination zone corresponding to the respective modulation group.

A pulse duration measuring apparatus includes a polarizing beam splitter for splitting a pulsed laser beam into a first laser beam and a second laser beam, a first mirror for reflecting the first laser beam traveling toward the polarizing beam splitter, a second mirror for reflecting the second laser beam traveling toward the polarizing beam splitter, a first quarter wavelength plate disposed between the polarizing beam splitter and the first mirror, a second quarter wavelength plate disposed between the polarizing beam splitter and the second mirror, an optical path length changing unit for moving the first mirror or the second mirror to change the length of the respective optical paths, a nonlinear crystal body for allowing a combined laser beam to pass therethrough, and a photodetector for measuring an optical intensity of the combined laser beam that has passed through the nonlinear crystal body.

A water jet laser processing machine (100) is provided with a nozzle (26) that can eject a water column (34) and introduce a laser beam into the water column (34), a pump (40) that supplies pressurized water to the nozzle (26), a pressure sensor (42) that detects the pressure of the water supplied from the pump (40) to the nozzle (26), a storage unit (52) that stores a threshold value for assessing a decrease in the pressure of the water supplied from the pump (40) to the nozzle (26), and a determination unit (51) that, on the basis of the pressure detected by the pressure sensor (42) and the threshold value stored by the storage unit (52), determines whether the pressure detected by the pressure sensor (42) has decreased, thereby determining whether the nozzle (26) has damage.

An annular hollow offset-focus laser cladding device, including a housing, a conical reflector arranged in the housing, an annular off-axis parabolic focusing mirror opposite to and arranged coaxially with the conical reflector, a nozzle installed below the conical reflector and a powder-spraying tube connected to a lower end of the nozzle. A top of the housing is provided with a light entrance; the conical reflector faces the light entrance; The powder-spraying tube is coaxial with the annular hollow offset-focusing light reflected by the annular off-axis parabolic focusing mirror; a collimating protective gas jacket is arranged on a periphery of the powder-spraying tube, and the collimating protective gas jacket is located between the annular hollow offset-focused light and the powder-spraying tube; the annular off-axis parabolic focusing mirror is configured to create a horizontally offset of parent parabola focus.