A laser cutting nozzle includes an inner nozzle and an outer nozzle. The inner nozzle exhibits a tube shape having a through hole on an axis and having a diameter decreasing on a first end portion side and includes a notch extending in the axis direction along an outer peripheral surface on a second end portion side. The outer nozzle is fitted to the outer peripheral surface of the inner nozzle and includes a vent passage including the notch and communicating between the first end portion and the second end portion in the axis direction. A minimum flow cross-sectional area of the vent passage matches an opening area of the notch in an end surface on the second end portion side.

A processing apparatus has: a light irradiation apparatus that irradiates a surface of an object with a processing light; and a partition member that surrounds a space including an optical path between the surface of the object and an optical member that is disposed at the most object side in an optical system of the light irradiation apparatus that allows the processing light to pass therethrough.

A processing apparatus has: a light irradiation apparatus that irradiates a surface of an object with a processing light; and a measurement apparatus that measures a position of an irradiation area, which is formed on the surface of the object by the light irradiation apparatus, relative to the object.

The present invention relates to an additive manufacturing system and its methods. The system includes a material conveyor, an energy source, and a micro-forging device. The material conveyor is configured to convey material. The energy source is configured to direct an energy beam toward the material, the energy beam fuses at least a portion of the material to form a solidified portion. The micro-forging device is movable along with the material conveyor for forging the solidified portion, wherein the micro-forging device comprises a first forging hammer and a second forging hammer, the first forging hammer is configured to impact the solidified portion to generate a first deformation, and the second forging hammer is configured to impact the solidified portion to generate a second deformation greater than the first deformation.

A coaxial laser metal deposition head includes a wire guide and a plurality of laser optical units. The wire guide defines a wire guide axis. The laser optical units are distributed around the wire guide axis. Each of the laser optical units is connected to a separate laser and each defines a beam axis. The optical units are fixed relative to the wire guide and in a first condition are positioned to allow each of the beam axes to intersect the wire guide axis at a common point.

An example laser tool is configured to operate within a wellbore of a hydrocarbon-bearing rock formation. The laser tool includes one or more optical transmission media as part of an optical path originating at a laser generator configured to generate a laser beam having an axis. The laser tool includes an optical element for receiving the laser beam from the one or more optical transmission media and for output to the hydrocarbon-bearing rock formation. The laser tool includes a purging head for removing dust or vapor from a path of the laser beam. The purging head is for discharging two or more purging gas streams. The purging head may include a coaxial flow assembly and a helical flow assembly. A coaxial purging gas stream may flow in a direction parallel to the axis. A helical purging gas stream may flow in a helical pattern around and substantially along the axis.

A device for distributing gas near a weld location includes a cap, a funnel, an inlet, and an aperture. The cap includes a sidewall and an annular lip, and defines a reservoir between the sidewall and the annular lip. The annular lip includes a proximal-most edge. The cap defines an opening, and defines a longitudinal axis. The funnel is disposed adjacent a distal end of the cap. The inlet is disposed in mechanical cooperation with the cap. The aperture is disposed through the sidewall of the cap and is in fluid communication with the inlet. The aperture is disposed distally of the proximal-most edge of the annular lip. Gas is configured to flow through the inlet, through the aperture and into the reservoir. The reservoir is configured to allow the gas to uniformly overflow the proximal-most edge of the annular lip and flow distally through the opening defined by the cap.

A laser processing device includes a laser irradiation unit that performs processing on a workpiece by using a laser while scanning a workpiece surface to form a kerf, jet nozzles that respectively form jet flows flowing toward a bottom surface of the kerf on front and rear sides in a scanning direction of the laser, and an intake part that sucks, above injection ports of the jet nozzles, a gas in a region surrounded by the jet flows from the front and rear sides. In a state in which a certain region of the kerf is isolated by the jet flows, the gas is sucked from this region by the intake part. As a result, a suction force by the intake part can reach the bottom surface of the kerf.

A method for manufacturing an additively manufactured body, which can suppress the occurrence of defects in the additively manufactured body, comprising: an additive manufacturing step of shaping an additively manufactured body in a heating state; and a machining step of machining the additively manufactured body in a state in which the heating state is maintained. The additively manufactured body can be shaped by the additive manufacturing step and the machining step which are repeated a plurality of times. The heating state is maintained also in the additive manufacturing step and the machining step which are repeated a plurality of times.

Disclosed are a method of inspecting a printing quality of a 3D printing object using a femtosecond laser beam during a 3D printing process, and an apparatus and a 3D printing system for the same. A laser beam is irradiated from a femtosecond laser source disposed coaxially with a 3D printing laser source to inspect a state of the printing object. The laser beam generated by the femtosecond laser source is separated into a pump laser beam and a probe laser beam. The printing laser beam irradiated from a 3D printing laser source or the pump laser beam is irradiated onto a printing object to generate ultrasonic waves. To measure the ultrasonic waves, a probe laser beam is irradiated onto the printing object. The probe laser beam reflected by the printing object is detected. The quality of the printing object is inspected by analyzing the reflected probe laser beam.