A ramp apparatus may include an extruded beam extending between a first ramp end and a second ramp end. The extruded beam may include a top wall, a bottom wall opposite the top wall, and a first side wall and a second side wall that each extend between the top and bottom walls. A first brace wall can extend at an angle away from the first side wall at a first interior corner of the extruded beam. A second brace wall may extend at an angle away from the second side wall at a second interior corner of the extruded beam.

A ramp apparatus may include an extruded beam extending between a first ramp end and a second ramp end. The extruded beam may include a top wall, a bottom wall opposite the top wall, and a first side wall and a second side wall that each extend between the top and bottom walls. A first brace wall can extend at an angle away from the first side wall at a first interior corner of the extruded beam. A second brace wall may extend at an angle away from the second side wall at a second interior corner of the extruded beam.

A welding method includes overlapping a thin metal plate with a base material, and setting an annular welding schedule line on a welding schedule portion of the thin metal plate; forming a welding line such that a continuous irradiation with a laser light from a fiber laser is performed while moving the laser light along the welding schedule line, and while vibrating the laser light across the welding schedule line; and setting a length of the welding line such that an entire inside of the welding schedule line is welded.

A welding method includes overlapping a thin metal plate with a base material, and setting an annular welding schedule line on a welding schedule portion of the thin metal plate; forming a welding line such that a continuous irradiation with a laser light from a fiber laser is performed while moving the laser light along the welding schedule line, and while vibrating the laser light across the welding schedule line; and setting a length of the welding line such that an entire inside of the welding schedule line is welded.

An improved laser welding method of materials by means of long pulse and high energy pulses of solid state lasers in such a manner that large depth of penetration with full depth or partial depth of penetration can be achieved with minimum surface evaporation in first pass of laser beam and enhanced surface smoothness having average surface smoothness of 5 mm by second pass of laser beam of lower power density and inclined at a particular inclination.

The invention relates to a method for controlling a cyclically operating joining device, in particular a welding station, for joining a plurality of workpieces to a circuit board, wherein the joining device comprises at least one first transport device for a first workpiece in a first transport segment, and a second transport device for a second workpiece in a second transport segment, and the transport devices are controlled, independently of each other, by at least one control variable to configure an offset between head ends and/or rear ends of the workpieces prior to joining, wherein the control variable is associated with at least one transport segment of one of the transport devices.

A metal-joining structure (100) includes: an iron alloy part (1); an aluminum alloy part (2); and a joining interface layer (3) provided between the iron alloy part (1) and the aluminum alloy part (2). The joining interface layer (3) includes: an iron-silicon solid-solution-phase sublayer (4) in contact with the iron alloy part (1); an aluminum-silicon eutectic-phase sublayer (5) in contact with the aluminum alloy part (2); and a silicon sublayer (6) provided between the iron-silicon solid-solution-phase sublayer (4) and the aluminum-silicon eutectic-phase sublayer (5).

A method for joining a metal material element to a plastic material element, in particular a composite material including a plastic matrix reinforced with fibers for use in the construction of motor-vehicle components. The method involves providing one or more slots in a portion of the plastic material element. For each slot, a corresponding tab is provided in the metal material element, having a shorter width and length than a width and length of the slot. The metal material and plastic material elements are arranged in a position of mutual coupling where each tab is inserted through the corresponding slot and has an end portion protruding beyond said portion of the plastic material element. A laser beam is directed above the protruding end portion, so as to locally melt the metal material of each tab and create an enlarged head on each tab that is welded above the plastic material element.

A method for edge-to-edge welding of a first sheet metal panel to a second sheet metal panel on a bearing structure. The method comprises positioning and fixing the first panel to the bearing structure, positioning and fixing the second panel to the bearing structure with the second panel overlapping a raw edge of the first panel, jointly cutting the first panel and the second panel in the overlap area to form a connection edge of the first panel and a connection edge of the second panel, withdrawing scrap cuttings from the first panel and scrap cuttings from the second panel, and friction stir welding the connection edges.

A method for producing a traction battery of a motor vehicle. At least one cell module having multiple battery cells is arranged in a receptacle compartment of a battery housing of the traction battery. The battery cells are provided with a separate temperature sensor At least one temperature sensor is arranged on a metal carrier in each case and the metal carrier is welded to a cell housing of the respective battery cell.