A method for laser drilling holes on a moving web of material wherein the laser system can be used to drill holes having a diameter less than about 300 micron and holes having a diameter greater than about 300 micron without increasing the energy of the laser beam, and without laser profiling the hole to increase the diameter. The method comprises pulsing the laser beam a plurality of times while directing the focal point of the laser beam for each pulse on to the same target area on the material to produce a hole having an increased diameter.

A method to produce a substrate suitable for diffusion bonding is described. A flexible dielectric substrate is provided. An alkaline modification is applied to the dielectric substrate to form a polyamic acid (PAA) anchoring layer on a surface of the dielectric substrate. A NiP seed layer is elecrolessly plated on the PAA layer. Copper traces are plated within a photoresist pattern on the NiP seed layer. A surface finishing layer is electrolytically plated on the copper traces. The photoresist pattern and NiP seed layer not covered by the copper traces are removed to complete the substrate suitable for diffusion bonding.

A method for accurately producing the drilled hole in a wall of a component fabricated by investment casting process, such as for use in a blade or steam turbine includes the following steps. The 3D data of actual component is obtained from the measurements or from the numerical simulation. The actual model and the ideal model are aligned and compared, a series of cutting planes are given to establish a series of 2D cross-sections of the actual and ideal models after registration. Each cross-section is dispersed into discrete points, the distance between each corresponding points are calculated and formed into 2D displacement. The accurate parametric model consisting of the depth, hole center, and the nominal vector is obtained on the basis of considering the deviations in geometrical and positional values. The drilled hole is then produced according to the corrected parametric drilled-hole geometrical and positional value.

A method for accurately producing the drilled hole in a wall of a component fabricated by investment casting process, such as for use in a blade or steam turbine includes the following steps. The 3D data of actual component is obtained from the measurements or from the numerical simulation. The actual model and the ideal model are aligned and compared, a series of cutting planes are given to establish a series of 2D cross-sections of the actual and ideal models after registration. Each cross-section is dispersed into discrete points, the distance between each corresponding points are calculated and formed into 2D displacement. The accurate parametric model consisting of the depth, hole center, and the nominal vector is obtained on the basis of considering the deviations in geometrical and positional values. The drilled hole is then produced according to the corrected parametric drilled-hole geometrical and positional value.

In one embodiment, an optical device having a convex lens, a concave lens and a mirror member is provided. The convex lens is arranged on an axis and has a convex surface at one side in a direction of the axis. The convex lens reflects a first wavelength light and transmits a second wavelength light. The concave lens is arranged on the axis and at the other side in a direction of the axis and having a concave surface. The mirror member has a reflective surface opposing the convex surface and is arranged apart from an outer circumference of the convex lens.

In one embodiment, an optical device having a convex lens, a concave lens and a mirror member is provided. The convex lens is arranged on an axis and has a convex surface at one side in a direction of the axis. The convex lens reflects a first wavelength light and transmits a second wavelength light. The concave lens is arranged on the axis and at the other side in a direction of the axis and having a concave surface. The mirror member has a reflective surface opposing the convex surface and is arranged apart from an outer circumference of the convex lens.

A method of forming a passage in a turbine component that includes using an additive manufacturing process to form a first support structure on a first surface of the turbine component; and forming a passage through the first support structure and the turbine component.

A method of forming a passage in a turbine component that includes using an additive manufacturing process to form a first support structure on a first surface of the turbine component; and forming a passage through the first support structure and the turbine component.

A metallic foil for lightning strike protection in a composite aerospace structure having a length, a width, and a thickness of not more than 30 microns. There are a plurality of pores of a predefined geometric shape extending through the thickness of the metallic foil and being distributed across a surface area defined by the length and the width of the metallic foil. The plurality of pores in the aggregate define an open area of not more than 40% of the surface area and the metallic foil has a weight of not more than 115 g/m.sup.2. The metallic foil has a weight to conductivity ratio of not more than 0.40 gram-ohms per square.

A metallic foil for lightning strike protection in a composite aerospace structure having a length, a width, and a thickness of not more than 30 microns. There are a plurality of pores of a predefined geometric shape extending through the thickness of the metallic foil and being distributed across a surface area defined by the length and the width of the metallic foil. The plurality of pores in the aggregate define an open area of not more than 40% of the surface area and the metallic foil has a weight of not more than 115 g/m.sup.2. The metallic foil has a weight to conductivity ratio of not more than 0.40 gram-ohms per square.