Provided is a method for machining micro-holes in a metal or alloy product which relates to the field of micro-hole machining. The method reduces the duration of ejection of primary plasma and the residuals produced during the ejection of the primary plasma, improves the smoothness of the hole wall of the micro-hole, and increases the depth limit of the micro-hole. Injecting energy by a low-energy pulse laser in two attempts further facilitates the reduction of the diameter of the micro-hole and reduces the possibility of cracks, compared with injection of the same energy by a single high-energy pulse laser. Moreover, a ratio between the diameter of the central ring of the ring spot formed by the focused second laser beam and the diameter of the central ring of the Gaussian spot formed by the focused first laser beam is greater than 1, which can improve the injection efficiency of laser energy.

An apparatus and method regarding forming a cooling hole in a component for a turbine engine, with the component held in a hole-forming machine with a laser carried on a multi-axis carriage and defining an optical path, the method comprising forming a set of cooling holes in the component with a laser mounted to the multi-axis carriage, estimating a total airflow through the set of cooling holes based on a set of data regarding the flow effectiveness of the set of cooling holes, and forming a second set of cooling holes with the laser.

This disclosure describes laser machining head gas nozzles that have an exit opening for passage of a laser beam onto a workpiece; an annular gap surrounding the exit opening; and a sleeve disposed and guided displaceably within the annular gap for axial displacement between a rearward and a forward position. The sleeve projects beyond the exit opening at least in the forward position, and the sleeve is tiltably mounted in the annular gap.

A spray tip for a fluid applicator includes a stem configured to be inserted into the fluid applicator. The stem includes a stem pre-orifice portion and an insert receiving portion. The spray tip includes a pre-orifice insert having an inlet and an outlet. The pre-orifice insert is disposed within the insert receiving portion and disposed against a rearward shoulder of the stem.

A component is provided and includes a substrate comprising an outer and an inner surface, where the inner surface defines at least one hollow, interior space. The component defines one or more grooves, where each groove extends at least partially along the outer surface of the substrate and has a base and a top. The base is wider than the top, such that each groove comprises a re-entrant shaped groove. One or more access holes are formed through the base of a respective groove, to connect the groove in fluid communication with the respective hollow interior space. Each access hole has an exit diameter D that exceeds the opening width d of the top of the respective groove. The diameter D is an effective diameter based on the area enclosed. The component further includes at least one coating disposed over at least a portion of the surface of the substrate, wherein the groove(s) and the coating together define one or more re-entrant shaped channels for cooling the component. A method for manufacturing the component is also provided. A method for manufacturing a component is also provided, where the groove and the access hole(s) are machined as a single continuous process, such that the groove and the access hole(s) form a continuous cooling passage.

A method for introducing a protective gas into an annular space of a receiver tube, in particular for solar collectors, is provided where the annular space is formed at least by one outer cladding tube and an inner absorber tube of the receiver tube and the outer cladding tube is connected to the absorber tube by a wall. The method includes producing an opening that penetrates the cladding tube or the wall, introducing protective gas through the opening into the annular space, and subsequently closing the opening.

Provided is a laser processing method in which a laser processing head for irradiating, with at least a short-pulse laser, a processed article having a protection layer laminated to a metal layer is used to process the processed article, whereby high-quality, highly accurate processing is possible by means of a short-pulse laser processing step for irradiating the protection layer with the short-pulse laser and ablating the protection layer, and a metal layer processing step for ablating the metal layer in the area that was ablated during the short-pulse laser processing step.

A functional member includes: a plurality of microneedles on a surface. Further, the microneedles adjacent to each other are spaced apart by a pitch ranging from 1 to 500 m, and the microneedles have a diameter ranging from 0.25 to 250 m and have a height ranging from 5 to 200 m.

A method for manufacturing a hollow protruding implement (1) including a fine hollow protrusion (3) having an opening (3h) of the present invention includes a protrusion forming step of inserting a projecting mold part (11) into a base material sheet (2A) from one face (2D) side thereof, the base material sheet containing a thermoplastic resin, thereby forming a non-penetrated hollow protrusion (3) projecting from another face (2U) side of the base material sheet (2A). Subsequently, an opening forming step is performed in which an opening (3h) that penetrates the hollow protrusion (3) is formed by using a contactless opening forming means disposed on the other face (2U) side of the base material sheet (2A).

This disclosure describes laser machining head gas nozzles that have an exit opening for passage of a laser beam onto a workpiece; an annular gap surrounding the exit opening; and a sleeve disposed and guided displaceably within the annular gap for axial displacement between a rearward and a forward position. The sleeve projects beyond the exit opening at least in the forward position, and the sleeve is tiltably mounted in the annular gap.