A method of forming a passage in a turbine component includes: using an additive manufacturing process to form a first support structure on a first surface of the turbine component; forming a second support structure on a second surface of the turbine component, the second support structure being spaced apart from the first support structure; and forming a passage in the turbine component between the first and second support structures.

This disclosure describes laser machining head cutting gas nozzles that include an inner nozzle having a nozzle opening configured to form a core gas flow, an outer nozzle having an annular gap surrounding the nozzle opening and configured to form an annular gas flow, and a sleeve in the annular gap, wherein the sleeve is arranged to be axially displaceable between a rearward position and a forward position, wherein the sleeve projects beyond the inner nozzle at least when in the forward position, and wherein the sleeve widens a cross-sectional area of the outer nozzle to a variable degree as the sleeve is displaced from the rearward to the forward position. Methods of using a cutting gas nozzle are also described.

A method for drilling a hole in a component is provided. The method includes directing a confined laser beam of the confined laser drill towards a near wall of the component and sensing a characteristic of light directed along a beam axis of the confined laser beam away from the component with a sensor. The method also includes determining one or more operational conditions based on the characteristic of the light sensed with the sensor. The one or more operational conditions includes at least one of a depth of the hole being drilled by the confined laser drill and a material into which the confined laser beam of the confined laser drill is being directed. Such a method may allow for more appropriate control of the confined laser drill.

A laser processing system that can effectively blow out a material of a workpiece melted by a laser beam by effectively utilizing an assist gas emitted from a nozzle. The laser processing system comprises a nozzle including an emission opening configured to emit a jet of an assist gas along an optical axis of a laser beam, the nozzle being configured to form a maximum point of velocity of the jet at a position away from the emission opening; and a tubular enclosure disposed between the nozzle and a workpiece and enclosing the jet, wherein the enclosure has a changeable radial inner dimension, and is configured to adjust the position of the maximum point by changing the inner dimension.

The present invention presents a method of fabrication for a physiological sensor with electronic, electrochemical, and chemical components. The fabrication method comprises steps for manufacturing an apparatus comprising at least one electrochemical sensor, a microcontroller, and a transceiver. The fabrication process includes the steps of substrate fabrication, circuit fabrication, pick and place, reflow soldering, electrode fabrication, membrane fabrication, sealing and curing, layer bonding, and dressing. The physiological sensor is operable to analyze biological fluids such as sweat.

Disclosed are apparatus and methods related to ground paths implemented with surface mount devices to facilitate shielding of radio-frequency (RF) modules. In some embodiments, a method for fabricating a radio-frequency module includes providing a packaging substrate, the packaging substrate configured to receive a plurality of components and the packaging substrate including a ground plane. In some embodiments, the method includes mounting a surface mount device on the packaging substrate, and forming or providing a conductive layer over the surface mount device such that the surface mount device electrically connects the conductive layer with the ground plane to thereby provide radio-frequency shielding between first and second regions about the surface mount device.

A method for perforating a wall, includes calculating mechanical stresses applied on the wall for a use of the wall. The method further includes perforating an orifice in a first determined zone of the wall, the perforation being made using a tool with a cross-section dependent on the mechanical stresses calculated in the first determined zone.

A workpiece dividing method includes: a laser processing step of forming along each street a plurality of minute holes extending in a pulsed laser beam application direction; and a dividing step of pressing the streets by a pressing member to divide a wafer along the streets. The minute hole has one end opening at least one of a front surface and a back surface of the wafer and is decreased in diameter from the one end toward the other end. In the dividing step, the pressing member is pressed against that surface of the front surface and the back surface of the wafer at which the one end of the minute hole is not opening.

A gas permeable glass window, suitable for use with liquid interface additive manufacturing, has an optically transparent glass article greater than about 0.5 millimeters in thickness defining a first surface and a second surface. A plurality of gas channels are disposed through the article from the first surface to the second surface. The gas channels occupy less than about 1.0% of a surface area of the article and are configured such that the article has a gas permeability between about 10 barrers and about 2000 barrers.

Methods for repairing a coated part with holes extending therethrough are disclosed. In one embodiment, a method comprises receiving a part where a coating on a first side of the part at least partially obstructs a first opening of a hole on the first side of the part. Measured hole data indicative of a position of a second opening of the hole on a second side of the part opposite the first side is then acquired. Based on the measured hole data, the first opening of the hole is cleared of the coating by laser drilling via the second opening of the hole.