The present disclosure is directed to a solder wire that includes a core having both a rosin flux and a thermoset material. The solder wire being configured to provide an oxide removing rosin flux to an electrical component, a solder alloy to the electrical component, and a protective layer to the solder alloy in a single soldering step.

In some embodiments, to increase the height-to-pitch ratio of a solder connection that connects different structures with one or more solder balls, only a portion of a solder ball's surface is melted when the connection is formed on one structure and/or when the connection is being attached to another structure. In some embodiments, non-solder balls are joined by an intermediate solder ball (140i). A solder connection may be surrounded by a solder locking layer (1210) and may be recessed in a hole (1230) in that layer. Other features are also provided.

A method and system to manufacture workpieces employing a high intensity energy source to create a puddle and at least one resistively heated wire which is heated to at or near its melting temperature and deposited into the puddle as droplets.

A gas-shielded arc welding method includes feeding a consumable electrode via a welding torch and performing welding while flowing a shielding gas. The welding torch includes a nozzle. An inner diameter of the nozzle is 15 mm or more. A nozzle-base material distance between a tip of the nozzle and a material to be welded is 22 mm or less. A ratio expressed by (the inner diameter of the nozzle/the nozzle-base material distance) is 0.7 or more and 1.9 or less.

A metal-cored wire for submerged arc welding having a composition including, in mass %: C: 0.20 to 0.80%, Si: 0.15 to 0.90%, Mn: 17.0 to 28.0%, P: 0.030% or less, S: 0.030% or less, Ni: 0.01 to 10.00%, Cr: 0.4 to 4.0%, Mo: 3.50 to 10.00%, B: 0.0010% or less, N: 0.200% or less, and the balance being Fe and incidental impurities.

The invention relates generally to welding and, more specifically, to welding wires for arc welding, such as Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) or Flux Core Arc Welding (FCAW). In one embodiment, a method of manufacturing a tubular welding wire includes disposing a core within a metallic sheath. Further, the core includes an organic stabilizer component, in which the organic stabilizer component is an alkali metal or alkali earth metal salt of an organic molecule or an organic polymer.

The invention relates to a hybrid electroslag cladding method, comprising: providing a workpiece (6) to be cladded; guiding a strip electrode (4) onto the surface of the workpiece (6); cladding the strip electrode (4) onto the surface of the workpiece (6) using electroslag cladding; guiding a metal cored hybrid electroslag cladding wire (7) into the weld puddle (9) of the strip electrode (4) for controlling the chemical composition of the cladding. The invention further relates to hybrid electroslag cladding systems and wires.

Forming respective packets (20, 21, 46, 50, 52, 70, 82, 84) of filler metal powder (24) and flux powder (26) for adjacent placement on a working surface (30) for laser deposition of the metal. Each packet may be formed of a sacrificial sleeve (22) or adjacently seamed sheets (72A-D), which may include flux fibers such as alumina, zirconia, basalt, or silica. A packet (56) of flux may be disposed centrally inside a packet (56) of metal or vice versa. A connected stack (70, 82, 84) of three packets (74A-C, 86A-C) may be formed by seaming (76A-B) four stacked sheets (72A-D) around common edges and filling the three resulting spaces between the sheets with a respective vertical sequence of metal/flux/metal or flux/metal/flux powders. Quilting and intermediate stitching may provide for precise control of material distribution and facilitate feeding of material.

This welded metal contains C, Si, Mn, Ni, Cr, Mo, Ti, B, O, N and Nb+V in specific amounts, respectively, with the balance being made up of Fe and unavoidable impurities. In this welded metal, carbides having circle-equivalent diameters of less than 0.40 m have an average circle-equivalent diameter of 0.10 m or more, and intergranular carbides having circle-equivalent diameters of 0.40 m or more have an average circle-equivalent diameter of 0.75 m or less.

Provided are a welded joint of extremely low-temperature steel and flux cored, submerged, and gas metal arc welding materials which can be used to prepare the welded joint, wherein the welded joint of extremely low-temperature steel has outstanding impact toughness in extremely low-temperature conditions and excellent yield strength at room temperature.