The present disclosure relates to polishing pads which include a polishing layer, wherein the polishing layer includes a working surface and a second surface opposite the working surface. The working surface includes at least one of a plurality of precisely shaped pores and a plurality of precisely shaped asperities. The present disclosure further relates to a polishing system, the polishing system includes the preceding polishing pad and a polishing solution. The present disclosure relates to a method of polishing a substrate, the method of polishing including: providing a polishing pad according to any one of the previous polishing pads; providing a substrate, contacting the working surface of the polishing pad with the substrate surface, moving the polishing pad and the substrate relative to one another while maintaining contact between the working surface of the polishing pad and the substrate surface, wherein polishing is conducted in the presence of a polishing solution.

Provided is a method for manufacturing an optical element from glass after polishing and in which either or both of a cleaning liquid used in a cleaning step for the glass after polishing and a rinsing liquid used in a rinsing step after the cleaning step are a liquid that inhibits expansion of cracked parts present on the surface of the glass after polishing.

The invention relates to devices, systems and methods for restoring optical discs, including CD's, DVD's and Blu-ray discs. The invention provides an easy to use device for user's to repair optical discs without having to clean or remove rotating pads in the device between uses for the life of the pads of about 84 cycles.

Fabrication of thin sheets of glass or other substrate material for use in devices such as touch sensor panels is disclosed. A pair of thick glass sheets, typically with thicknesses of 0.5 mm or greater each, may each be patterned with thin film on a surface, sealed together to form a sandwich with the patterned surfaces facing each other and spaced apart by removable spacers, either or both thinned on their outside surfaces to thicknesses of less than 0.5 mm each, and separated into two thin glass sheets. A single thick glass sheet, typically with a thickness of 0.5 mm or greater, may be patterned, covered with a protective layer over the pattern, thinned on its outside surface to a thickness of less than 0.5 mm, and the protective layer removed. This thinness of less than 0.5 mm may be accomplished using standard LCD equipment, despite the equipment having a sheet minimum thickness requirement of 0.5 mm.

A method of forming a mirror reflector sub-assembly suitable for use in an exterior rearview mirror assembly of a vehicle includes providing a glass substrate and physically removing glass from a portion of a second surface of the glass substrate to form a curved recess locally thereat, and coating via a vacuum deposition process the second surface of the glass substrate with a mirror reflector to form a mirror reflective element suitable for use in an automotive exterior rearview mirror assembly. The method includes forming a mirror back plate in a plastic molding operation and providing a heater pad and disposing the heater pad between the coated second surface of the glass substrate and the first side of the mirror back plate.

An embodiment relates to a packaging substrate and a manufacturing method of the same. The packaging substrate according to an embodiment includes a glass core including a first surface and a second surface facing each other; and an upper layer stacked on the first surface or a lower layer stacked on the second surface, and the corners of the packaging substrate may be treated as curved surfaces or chamfered. Through this, it is possible to protect the glass core from external impact and minimize damage and damage to the glass core.

Letting a particle diameter be Dx (m) when a cumulative particle volume cumulated from the small particle diameter side reaches x (%) of the total particle volume in a particle size distribution obtained regarding cerium oxide included in a polishing liquid using a laser diffraction/scattering method, D5 is 1 m or less, D100 is 3 m or more, D50 is 0.8 to 2.4 m, and DpeakD5 is less than D95Dpeak.

Disclosed herein are embodiments of a color glass panel. The color glass panel includes a glass body having a first major surface and a second major surface opposite the first major surface. The glass body is made from an alkali aluminosilicate glass composition containing Li.sub.2O. At least one of the first major surface or the second major surface has a length and a width, and the length and width define an area. A ratio of a spodumene crystal area of spodumene crystals to the area is 2% or less. Further, a transmittance through the glass panel from the first major surface to the second major surface is less than about 92% for at least one wavelength in a range from about 380 nm to about 750 nm.

A polishing agent for a synthetic quartz glass substrate contains polishing particles and water. The polishing particles are composite oxide particles of cerium and yttrium. A content by percent of the cerium in the polishing particles is 71 mol % or more and 79 mol % or less. This provides a polishing agent for a synthetic quartz glass substrate, the polishing agent being capable of sufficiently reducing generation of defects on the surface of the synthetic quartz glass substrate due to polishing without decreasing the polishing rate.

A glass-ceramic article includes at least one substrate, such as a plate, made of glass-ceramic, the substrate having a face including a microtexturing such that the arithmetic mean surface roughness Ra, measured according to standard ISO 4287, is between 0.14 and 0.40 m, and the total roughness, Rt, measured according to standard ISO 4287, is between 1.15 and 5.00 m.