An electrically decoupled jet engine. The electrically decoupled jet engine includes a combustion chamber which creates a toroidal flow of air and a rotational electric motor which drives a fuel supply into the combustion chamber. The toroidal flow of air is mixed with the fuel and combusted in the combustion chamber to create thrust.

A method of manufacturing an article for a spa includes laminating a cosmetic film to a base substrate; laminating an acrylic film to the cosmetic film, the base substrate, cosmetic film and the acrylic film forming a layered assembly, and forming the layered assembly to shape.

There is provided a skin foam-in-place foamed article comprising a pad (15) and a bag-like outer material (20) covering the pad (15). The outer material (20) has a top layer (21) and a liner layer (22) made of a foamed resin. The liner layer (22) has a closed cell structure. A pad-side skin layer (27a) having a density higher than that of a bulk layer (26) is provided on the liner layer (22), on a side of the pad (15). A corona treatment is applied to the pad-side skin layer (27a).

A vehicle interior panel includes a decorative skin layer and a backing layer. The backing layer can include a barrier material that helps prevent outgassing of a plasticizer of the decorative skin layer in a direction toward an underlying substrate of the panel. The backing layer can be formed by vacuum coating and/or formed while a slush molded layer remains on a slush molding tool surface on which it was formed. in some cases, a slush molding tool thus finds new uses in a vacuum coating process or in some other process apart from slush molding.

A seat for vehicles including a seat cushion, a seat back, and a head rest has the following arrangement to ensure that a surface member can be relatively easily but positively removed from a urethane pad if a foam molding defect is found in the urethane pad in integral molding of the urethane pad and the surface member. In the seat for vehicles, any one of the seat cushion, seat back, and head rest has a configuration where a surface of the urethane pad is covered with the surface member. The urethane pad and the surface member are partially bonded together by integral molding.

An insert component for an interior component of a vehicle, where the interior component includes a molded skin element and a foam body which is introduced between the insert component and the molded skin element using a foaming process. The insert component has a body portion in order to remain in the interior component and an edge section for supporting the production of the interior component. The edge section at least in a first portion has a lesser thickness as compared to the body portion.

A method of producing a component for a vehicle interior may comprise placing a liner in a forming tool, placing a heater element on the liner, applying a foam material, and forming the heater element on a substrate. Adhesive may be applied to the heater element and liner. The liner may comprise a tool liner configured to facilitate removal of the component from the forming tool. The tool liner may remain in the forming tool when the component is removed from the forming tool. The tool liner may be re-usable. The adhesive/tape may comprise a pressure-sensitive adhesive with suitable adhesion for the heater element/mat without requiring activation; the adhesive/tape may comprise a side with lower adhesion to the mold liner (temporary adhesion) and with higher adhesion to the body of the heater element/mat (permanent adhesion). A pre-fix tool may be used.

A method of manufacturing an article for a spa includes laminating a cosmetic film to a base substrate; laminating an acrylic film to the cosmetic film, the base substrate, cosmetic film and the acrylic film forming a layered assembly, and forming the layered assembly to shape.

Methods of manufacturing of aerospace structures are disclosed. More specifically, methods of manufacturing relatively lightweight yet strong aerospace structures. In one embodiment, the method includes the addition of a volume of a rigid and flexible polyurethane mixture into a mold to create a composite structure. In one aspect, the method includes the integration of special structures within a larger structure to remove traditionally structurally weak or vulnerable areas.

A method for manufacturing three-dimensional items with flexible walls is provided, by method of a mold and counter mold between which a volume corresponding to that of the item to be obtained is delimited. The item is made up of laminar parts which are mounted on a template that is fixed to the inner surface of the mold. The laminar parts are joined to one another by means of a material which is injected in molten state through a network of conduits delimited between the counter mold, template and the facing edges of adjacent laminar parts. The template is made of an elastically deformable material and has a three-dimensional configuration.